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Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi
Raporo ivuga ko mu 2030, imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zizaba zifite 86% by'isoko ry'isi
Raporo ya Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) ivuga ko imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ziteganijwe gufata 62-86% by'isoko ry'isi mu 2030. Igiciro cya bateri za lithium-ion cyitezwe kugabanuka kuva ku mpuzandengo ya $151 kuri kilowati-saa mu 2022 kikagera kuri $60-90 kuri kilowati-saa. RMI ivuga ko icyifuzo cy'imodoka zikoresha peteroli ku isi cyazamutse cyane kandi kizagabanuka cyane mu mpera z'ikinyejana. Inganda zikoresha imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ntabwo zimenyereye iterambere ry'ibicuruzwa mu myaka mike ishize. Nk'uko Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ingufu kibitangaza, 14% by'imodoka zose zagurishijwe mu 2022 zizaba zikoresha amashanyarazi, zivuye kuri 9% mu 2021 na 5% gusa mu 2020.
Amakuru ya raporo agaragaza ko amasoko abiri manini ku isi y’ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi, Ubushinwa n’Uburayi bw’Amajyaruguru, ari yo ari imbere muri iri zamuka ry’izamuka ry’ibiciro, aho ibihugu nka Noruveje biza ku isonga mu kugira 71% by’isoko ry’ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi. Mu 2022, isoko ry’ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa ryari kuri 27%, i Burayi riri kuri 20.8%, naho Amerika iri kuri 7.2%. Amasoko y’ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi arimo Indoneziya, Ubuhinde na Nouvelle-Zélande. None se ni iki kiri gutera iri zamuka ry’ibiciro? Raporo ya RMI igaragaza ko ubukungu ari bwo bushya. Ku bijyanye n’ikiguzi cyose cy’ubwikorezi, uburinganire bw’ibiciro n’ibinyabiziga bikoresha moteri z’imbere bwagezweho, aho amasoko mpuzamahanga yitezweho kugera ku ngano y’ibiciro mu 2030. BYD na Tesla bamaze guhuza ibiciro by’abanywanyi babo bakoresha ICE. Byongeye kandi, ipiganwa hagati y’abakora imodoka riri kwihutisha iri hinduka, aho inganda zihagije z’ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi n’ibinyabiziga birimo kubakwa kugira ngo haboneke umusaruro uhagije mu mpera z’ikinyejana. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, inkunga zituruka ku itegeko rya leta ya Biden ryo kugabanya izamuka ry’ibiciro n’itegeko rigenga ibikorwa remezo ry’amashyaka yombi nabyo byateje urujya n’uruza rw’inganda n’ivugurura ry’ibiciro. Uretse ingamba za politiki, ibiciro bya bateri byagabanutseho 88% kuva mu 2010 mu gihe ubucucike bw'ingufu bukomeje kwiyongera ku gipimo cya 6% buri mwaka. Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza igabanuka rikomeye ry'ibiciro bya bateri.
Byongeye kandi, RMI iteganya ko "igihe cya ICE" kiri kurangira. Ubusabe bw'imodoka zikoresha lisansi bwageze ku rwego rwo hejuru mu 2017 kandi bwakomeje kugabanuka ku kigero cya 5%. RMI iteganya ko mu 2030, ubusabe bw'ibinyabiziga bikoresha lisansi buzagabanukaho barrel miliyoni 1 ku munsi, aho ubusabe bw'ibinyabiziga ku isi bugabanukaho kimwe cya kane. Iki ni cyo cyizere cy'uko raporo izabona ibishoboka. Nubwo ubushakashatsi butanga ubuhamya bukomeye ku hazaza, buvuga ko igipimo cy'abakoresha ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi gishobora guhinduka bitewe n'ibintu bitunguranye, nko guhinduka kwa politiki y'ejo hazaza, impinduka mu bitekerezo by'abaguzi, n'itandukaniro mu mibereho no mu bukungu. Ukuri kw'iyi raporo ntikwemezwa. Ni icyizere cy'ibishoboka.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 13 Nzeri 2025
