Amabhasi aseYurophu aqala ukuba ngogesi ngokugcwele ngokushesha

Amabhasi aseYurophu aqala ukuba ngogesi ngokugcwele ngokushesha

Usayizi wemakethe yamabhasi kagesi aseYurophu kulindeleke ukuthi ube yi-USD 1.76 billion ngo-2024 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ufinyelele ku-USD 3.48 billion ngo-2029, ngesilinganiso sokukhula saminyaka yonke esingu-14.56% ngesikhathi sokubikezela (2024-2029).

Amabhasi kagesi aguqula izinhlelo zokuhamba zomphakathi zaseYurophu ngokushesha kunalokho abenzi bezinqubomgomo abaningi ababekulindele. Ngokusho kombiko omusha ovela ku-Transport & Environment (T&E), ngo-2024, cishe ingxenye yawo wonke amabhasi amasha edolobheni athengiswa e-EU azobe esebenza ngogesi ngokugcwele. Lolu shintsho luphawula isikhathi esibalulekile ekususweni kwe-carbon dioxide kwezokuthutha zomphakathi zaseYurophu. Ukuthambekela kwamabhasi kagesi sekucacile. Amadolobha kulo lonke elaseYurophu ashintsha ngokushesha esuka kumamodeli kadizili nama-hybrid aye kumabhasi kagesi ukuze athole ukonga izindleko, izinzuzo zokusebenza kahle, kanye nezinzuzo zemvelo. Lolu lwazi lubonisa ukuzibophezela kweYurophu ekufakweni kukagesi kwezokuthutha zomphakathi.

I. Izinzuzo Zemakethe Zamabhasi Kagesi:

I-Dual-Drive evela ku-Policy and Technology

1. Izinzuzo Ezimbili Zezindleko Nokuvikelwa Kwemvelo

Izindleko zokusebenza zamabhasi kagesi ziphansi kakhulu kunezezimoto zendabuko zikadizili. Uma sithatha iFrance njengesibonelo, yize isabelo sayo samabhasi amasha amandla simi ku-33% kuphela (ngaphansi kakhulu kwesilinganiso se-EU), izindleko zokusebenza ngekhilomitha ngalinye lamabhasi kagesi zingaba ngaphansi kuka-€0.15, kanti amabhasi e-hydrogen fuel cell abiza izindleko eziphakeme njengo-€0.95. Idatha Yamazwe Ngamazwe: IMontpellier, eFrance, ekuqaleni yayihlela ukuhlanganisa amabhasi e-hydrogen emikhunjini yayo kodwa yashiya uhlelo lapho ithola ukuthi izindleko ze-hydrogen ngekhilomitha ngalinye zazingu-€0.95, uma kuqhathaniswa no-€0.15 kuphela wamabhasi kagesi. Ucwaningo lweBocconi University luthole ukuthi amabhasi e-hydrogen ase-Italy abiza izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila ezingu-€1.986 ngekhilomitha – cishe kabili u-€1.028 ngekhilomitha ngalinye lamamodeli kagesi ebhethri. EBolzano, e-Italy, abashayeli bamabhasi babhale izindleko zokusebenza kwamabhasi e-hydrogen ku-€1.27 ngekhilomitha uma kuqhathaniswa no-€0.55 wamabhasi kagesi. Lezi zimo zezimali zivimbela iziphathimandla zezokuthutha e-hydrogen, njengoba izindleko eziqhubekayo zihlala zingazinzile emikhunjini yamabhasi yonke ngisho nangezibonelelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-EU isheshisa ukususwa kwamabhasi kadizili kwezokuthutha zasemadolobheni ngemithetho eqinile yokukhishwa kwe-CO₂ kanye nezinqubomgomo zezindawo zokukhishwa kwegesi okuphansi. Ngo-2030, imikhumbi yamabhasi asedolobheni laseYurophu kufanele ishintshele kakhulu ekuqhutshweni kukagesi, ngenhloso yamabhasi kagesi angu-75% kuzo zonke izimakethe zamabhasi amasha aseYurophu ngalowo nyaka. Lesi sinyathelo sithole ukwesekwa okuvela kubaqhubi bezokuthutha zomphakathi kanye neziphathimandla zikamasipala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo samakhasimende esikhulayo samabhasi kagesi sivela kakhulu ekuhlanganisweni kwemithetho nemibandela yezemvelo, okuqhuba kakhulu ukwanda kwemakethe yamabhasi kagesi asedolobheni laseYurophu. Ngaphakathi kwemakethe yamabhasi kagesi asedolobheni laseYurophu engazinzile, amadolobha amakhulu kanye nezizwe eziqaphela imvelo zamukela amabhasi kagesi ukubhekana nezinkinga eziphuthumayo zokungcola komoya nomsindo, ngaleyo ndlela zigcwalisa izibopho zokuvikela izakhamuzi ezingozini zemvelo.

2. Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe isheshisa ukwamukelwa kwemakethe.

Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bebhethri kanye nokukhiqizwa okukhulu kuye kwehlisa kakhulu izindleko, kwandise ububanzi bamabhasi kagesi ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zokusebenza zosuku lonke. Isibonelo, amabhasi e-BYD athunyelwe eLondon adlule okulindelwe, okuqeda ngokuphelele ukukhathazeka kwabaqhubi mayelana nomthelela wokushaja ekusebenzeni.