Kei te tere haere te whakamahi i ngā pahi hiko katoa o Ūropi

Kei te tere haere te whakamahi i ngā pahi hiko katoa o Ūropi

E matapaetia ana ko te rahi o te mākete pahi hiko o Ūropi ka eke ki te USD 1.76 piriona i te tau 2024, ā, e matapaetia ana ka eke ki te USD 3.48 piriona i te tau 2029, me te tere tipu ā-tau o te 14.56% i te wā matapae (2024-2029).

Kei te tere ake te whakarerekētanga o ngā pūnaha kawe iwi o Ūropi e ngā pahi hiko i tā te nuinga o ngā kaihanga kaupapa here i whakaaro ai. E ai ki tētahi pūrongo hou mai i Transport & Environment (T&E), i te tau 2024, tata ki te haurua o ngā pahi tāone hou katoa e hokona ana i roto i te EU ka whakamahia katoatia hei hiko. Ko tēnei panonitanga he wā tino nui i roto i te whakakorenga waro o te kawe iwi o Ūropi. Kua mārama te ia o ngā pahi hiko. Kei te tere te neke o ngā tāone puta noa i Ūropi mai i ngā tauira tīhi me ngā tauira ranu ki ngā pahi hiko hei whakatutuki i ngā penapena utu, ngā painga whai hua, me ngā painga taiao. E whakaatu ana ēnei raraunga i te whakapau kaha o Ūropi ki te whakamahi i te hiko hei kawe iwi.

I. Ngā Painga Mākete o ngā Pahi Hiko:

Puku-Rua mai i te Kaupapahere me te Hangarau

1. Ngā Painga Takirua o te Utu me te Tiaki Taiao

He iti iho ngā utu whakahaere o ngā pahi hiko i ērā o ngā waka tīhi tuku iho. Hei tauira, ahakoa ko te 33% anake o ngā pahi hiko hou (he iti iho i te toharite o te EU), ko te utu whakahaere mō ia kiromita mō ngā pahi hiko ka taea te iti iho i te €0.15, ko ngā pahi pūtau wahie hauwai ia he utu tae atu ki te €0.95. Raraunga Ao: I te tuatahi, i whakaaro a Montpellier, Wīwī, ki te whakauru i ngā pahi hauwai ki roto i tana kahui engari i whakarērea te kaupapa i te kitenga ko te utu mō ia kiromita hauwai he €0.95, ki te whakaritea ki te €0.15 noa iho mō ngā pahi hiko. I kitea e tētahi rangahau a Te Whare Wānanga o Bocconi ko te utu huringa ora o ngā pahi hauwai o Itari he €1.986 – tata ki te rua te €1.028 mō ia kiromita mō ngā tauira hiko pākahiko. I Bolzano, Itari, i tuhia e ngā kaiwhakahaere pahi ngā utu whakahaere pahi hauwai ki te €1.27 mō ia kiromita ki te €0.55 mō ngā pahi hiko. Ko ēnei āhuatanga pūtea ka ārai i ngā mana whakahaere waka ki te hauwai, nā te mea kāore tonu ngā utu pumau mō ngā kahui pahi katoa ahakoa he tautoko. Hei tāpiri atu, kei te tere ake te EU i te whakakorenga o ngā pahi tīhiera i roto i ngā waka o ngā tāone mā roto i ngā ture tukunga CO₂ pakari me ngā kaupapa here rohe tukunga iti. I te tau 2030, me huri te nuinga o ngā waka pahi tāone o Ūropi ki te neke hiko, me te whāinga kia 75% ngā pahi hiko i roto i ngā hokonga pahi hou katoa o Ūropi i taua tau. Kua tautokona tēnei kaupapa e ngā kaiwhakahaere waka a te iwi me ngā mana whakahaere ā-rohe. Hei tāpiri atu, ko te pikinga o te hiahia o ngā kiritaki mō ngā pahi hiko e ahu mai ana i te huihuinga o ngā whakaritenga ture me te taiao, e akiaki ana i te whānui o te mākete pahi hiko tāone o Ūropi. I roto i te mākete pahi e kore e neke haere ana i Ūropi, kei te whakamahi ngā tāone nui me ngā iwi e aro nui ana ki te taiao i ngā pahi hiko hei aro atu ki ngā take nui o te parahanga hau me te haruru, ā, mā reira ka tutuki ai ngā herenga ki te tiaki i ngā tāngata mai i ngā tūponotanga taiao.

2. Kei te tere ake te whakaurunga o te mākete e ngā whanaketanga hangarau.

Nā te whanaketanga o te hangarau pākahiko me te hanga nui kua tino whakaitihia ngā utu, kua piki ake te whānuitanga o ngā pahi hiko hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga mahi mō te rā katoa. Hei tauira, kua hipa ake ngā pahi a BYD i whakatinanahia ki Rānana i ngā tumanakohanga, ā, kua tino whakamarietia ngā āwangawanga o ngā kaiwhakahaere mō te pānga o te utu ki ngā mahi.