Iyini i-North American Charging Standard (Tesla NACS)?

I-North American Charging Standard (NACS) yilokho iTesla eyiqambe ngokuthi isixhumi sayo sokushaja sezimoto zikagesi (EV) kanye ne-charge port lapho, ngoNovemba 2022, ivula umklamo onelungelo lobunikazi kanye nemininingwane yokusetshenziswa ngabanye abakhiqizi be-EV kanye nabaqhubi benethiwekhi yokushaja i-EV emhlabeni jikelele. I-NACS inikeza kokubili ukushaja kwe-AC kanye ne-DC ku-plug eyodwa encane, isebenzisa amaphini afanayo kokubili, futhi isekela amandla afinyelela ku-1MW ku-DC.

I-Tesla isebenzise lesi sixhumi kuzo zonke izimoto zaseNyakatho Melika kusukela ngo-2012 kanye nama-Supercharger ayo asebenza nge-DC kanye nama-Tesla Wall Connectors ayo e-Level 2 ukuze ishaje ekhaya nasendaweni oya kuyo. Ukubusa kwe-Tesla emakethe ye-EV yaseNyakatho Melika kanye nokwakheka kwayo kwenethiwekhi yokushaja ye-DC EV ebanzi kakhulu e-US kwenza i-NACS ibe yindinganiso esetshenziswa kakhulu.

Ingabe i-NACS iyindinganiso yangempela?

Ngesikhathi i-NACS iqanjwa futhi ivulelwa umphakathi, ayizange ibhaliswe yinhlangano ekhona yezindinganiso njenge-SAE International (SAE), eyayiyi-Society of Automotive Engineers. NgoJulayi 2023, i-SAE yamemezela izinhlelo "zokusheshisa" ukwenza i-NACS Electric Vehicle Coupler ibe yi-SAE J3400 ngokushicilela indinganiso ngaphambi kwesikhathi esibekiwe, ngaphambi kuka-2024. Izindinganiso zizobhekana nendlela ama-plug axhumana ngayo neziteshi zokushaja, isivinini sokushaja, ukuthembeka kanye nokuphepha kwe-cyber.

Yiziphi ezinye izindinganiso zokushaja izimoto ze-EV ezisetshenziswayo namuhla?

I-J1772 iyindinganiso yepulaki yokushaja i-EV esebenzisa i-AC yeLevel 1 noma yeLevel 2. I-Combined Charging Standard (CCS) ihlanganisa isixhumi se-J1772 nesixhumi esinezipini ezimbili sokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC. I-CCS Combo 1 (CCS1) isebenzisa indinganiso yepulaki yase-US yokuxhuma kwayo i-AC, kanti i-CCS Combo 2 (CCS2) isebenzisa isitayela se-EU sepulaki ye-AC. Izixhumi ze-CCS1 ne-CCS2 zikhulu futhi zinkulu kunesixhumi se-NACS. I-CHAdeMO yayiyindinganiso yokuqala ye-DC yokushaja okusheshayo futhi isasetshenziswa yi-Nissan Leaf kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezimbalwa kodwa ikakhulukazi iqedwa ngabakhiqizi kanye nabaqhubi benethiwekhi yokushaja i-EV. Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe, bheka okuthunyelwe kwethu kwebhulogi mayelana ne-EV Charging Industry Protocols and Standards

Yibaphi abakhiqizi bezimoto zikagesi abasebenzisa i-NACS?

Isinyathelo sikaTesla sokuvula i-NACS ukuze isetshenziswe ezinye izinkampani sanikeza abakhiqizi be-EV ithuba lokushintshela epulatifomu yokushaja i-EV kanye nenethiwekhi eyaziwa ngokuthembeka nokulula ukuyisebenzisa. I-Ford yayingumkhiqizi wokuqala we-EV ukumemezela ukuthi, esivumelwaneni neTesla, izokwamukela indinganiso ye-NACS yama-EV aseNyakatho Melika, okwenza abashayeli bayo bakwazi ukusebenzisa inethiwekhi ye-Supercharger.

Leso simemezelo salandelwa yiGeneral Motors, iRivian, iVolvo, iPolestar kanye neMercedes-Benz. Izimemezelo zabenzi bezimoto zifaka phakathi ukuhlomisa ama-EV nge-NACS charge port kusukela ngo-2025 kanye nokuhlinzeka ngama-adapter ngo-2024 azovumela abanikazi be-EV abakhona ukuthi basebenzise inethiwekhi yeSupercharger. Abakhiqizi kanye nemikhiqizo esahlola ukwamukelwa kwe-NACS ngesikhathi sokushicilelwa kuhlanganisa i-VW Group kanye ne-BMW Group, kanti labo abathatha isinqumo "sokungaphawuli" kuhlanganisa i-Nissan, i-Honda/Acura, i-Aston Martin, kanye ne-Toyota/Lexus.

Kusho ukuthini ukwamukelwa kwe-NACS kumanethiwekhi okushaja e-EV omphakathi?

Ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi ye-Tesla Supercharger, amanethiwekhi okushaja e-EV omphakathi akhona kanye nalawo asathuthukiswa asekela kakhulu i-CCS. Eqinisweni, amanethiwekhi okushaja e-EV e-US kumele asekele i-CCS ukuze umnikazi afanelekele ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwengqalasizinda kahulumeni, okuhlanganisa namanethiwekhi e-Tesla. Ngisho noma iningi lama-EV amasha asemgwaqweni e-US ngo-2025 efakwe amachweba okushaja e-NACS, izigidi zama-EV afakwe i-CCS azosetshenziswa iminyaka eyishumi ezayo noma ngaphezulu futhi azodinga ukufinyelela ekushajweni kwe-EV komphakathi.

Lokho kusho ukuthi iminyaka eminingi amazinga e-NACS kanye ne-CCS azohlala ndawonye emakethe yokushaja i-EV yase-US. Abanye opharetha benethiwekhi yokushaja i-EV, okuhlanganisa ne-EVgo, sebevele befaka ukwesekwa kwemvelo kwezixhumi ze-NACS. Ama-EV e-Tesla (kanye nezimoto zesikhathi esizayo ezingezona ezifakwe i-Tesla NACS) angasebenzisa kakade ama-adaptha e-Tesla e-NACS-to-CCS1 noma e-Tesla e-NACS-to-CHAdeMO ukushaja cishe kunoma iyiphi inethiwekhi yokushaja i-EV yomphakathi kulo lonke elase-US. Inkinga ukuthi abashayeli kufanele basebenzise uhlelo lokusebenza lomhlinzeki wokushaja noma ikhadi lesikweletu ukukhokhela iseshini yokushaja, noma ngabe umhlinzeki unikeza ulwazi lwe-Autocharge.

Izivumelwano zokwamukelwa komkhiqizi we-EV we-NACS ne-Tesla zifaka phakathi ukuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela kunethiwekhi ye-Supercharger kumakhasimende abo e-EV, okuvunyelwe ukwesekwa kwenethiwekhi ngaphakathi kwezimoto. Izimoto ezintsha ezithengiswe ngo-2024 ngabakhiqizi abamukela i-NACS zizofaka i-adaptha ye-CCS-to-NACS enikezwe ngumkhiqizi yokufinyelela kunethiwekhi ye-Supercharger.

Kusho ukuthini ukwamukelwa kwe-NACS ngokwamukelwa kwe-EV?
Ukuntuleka kwengqalasizinda yokushaja i-EV sekuyisikhathi eside kuyisithiyo ekwamukelweni kwe-EV. Ngokuhlanganiswa kokwamukelwa kwe-NACS ngabakhiqizi be-EV abaningi kanye nokufakwa kwe-Tesla kokusekelwa kwe-CCS kunethiwekhi ye-Supercharger, kuzotholakala amashaja e-EV asheshayo angaphezu kuka-17,000 abekwe ngendlela efanele ukubhekana nokukhathazeka kwebanga nokuvula indlela yokwamukelwa kwabathengi kwe-EV.

Idokodo Lomlingo LaseTesla
ENyakatho Melika iTesla ibilokhu isebenzisa ipulagi yayo yokushaja esezingeni eliphezulu nelula ukuyisebenzisa, ebizwa ngokuthi iNorth American Charging Standard (NACS). Ngeshwa, yonke imboni yezimoto ibonakala ikhetha ukuphikisana nesipiliyoni esisebenziseka kalula futhi inamathela kupulagi enkulu yeCombined Charging System (CCS1).

Ukuze i-Tesla Superchargers ekhona ikwazi ukushaja izimoto ngamachweba e-CCS, i-Tesla yakha ikesi elisha lokufaka ipulaki lokushaja eline-adaptha encane eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, ezikhiyayo. Kubashayeli be-Tesla, ulwazi lokushaja alushintshi.

Indlela Yokushaja
Okokuqala, “kukhona uhlelo lokusebenza lwazo zonke izinto”, ngakho akumangazi ukuthi kufanele ulande uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Tesla kudivayisi yakho ye-iOS noma ye-Android bese usetha i-akhawunti. (Abanikazi be-Tesla bangasebenzisa i-akhawunti yabo ekhona ukukhokhisa izimoto ezingezona eze-Tesla.) Uma lokho sekuqediwe, ithebhu ethi “Shaja Izimoto Zakho Ezingezona eze-Tesla” kuhlelo lokusebenza izobonisa imephu yamasayithi atholakalayo e-Supercharger afakwe ama-Magic Docks. Khetha isayithi ukuze ubuke ulwazi mayelana nezindawo zokupaka ezivulekile, ikheli lesayithi, izinsiza eziseduze, kanye nemali yokukhokhisa.

Uma ufika endaweni ye-Supercharger, paka ngokwendawo yekhebula bese uqala iseshini yokushaja ngohlelo lokusebenza. Thepha okuthi “Shaja Lapha” kuhlelo lokusebenza, khetha inombolo yeposi etholakala phansi kwe-Supercharger stall, bese ucindezela kancane phezulu bese ukhipha ipulaki ene-adaptha enamathiselwe. I-V3 Supercharger ye-Tesla inganikeza izinga lokushaja elingafika ku-250-kW ezimotweni ze-Tesla, kodwa izinga lokushaja olitholayo lincike ekhonweni le-EV yakho.