Igipimo ngenderwaho cyo gushyushya muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru (Tesla NACS) ni iki?

Ishyirahamwe ry’Amerika y’Amajyaruguru ryo Gusharija (NACS) ni ryo Tesla yise umuhuza wayo bwite w’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EV) hamwe n’aho zisharija, ubwo mu Gushyingo 2022, yafunguraga igishushanyo mbonera n’ibipimo byabigenewe kugira ngo bikoreshwe n’abandi bakora amashanyarazi n’abakora amashanyarazi ku isi hose. NACS itanga amashanyarazi ya AC na DC mu buryo bumwe, ikoresheje imigozi imwe kuri byombi, kandi ishyigikira kugeza kuri 1MW y’amashanyarazi kuri DC.

Tesla yakoresheje iyi connector ku modoka zose zo ku isoko rya Amerika y'Amajyaruguru kuva mu 2012 ndetse no kuri Superchargers zayo zikoresha DC na Tesla Wall Connectors zayo zo ku rwego rwa 2 mu gusharija mu rugo no mu gihugu. Kuba Tesla iganza ku isoko rya EV ryo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru ndetse no kuba ishingiye ku muyoboro munini cyane wo gusharija DC EV muri Amerika bituma NACS iba isanzwe ikoreshwa cyane.

Ese NACS ni igipimo nyacyo?

Ubwo NACS yahabwaga izina kandi igafungurwa ku mugaragaro, ntabwo yashyizweho umukono n'ikigo gisanzwe gipima ibipimo nka SAE International (SAE), cyahoze ari Ishyirahamwe ry'Abahanga mu by'Imodoka. Muri Nyakanga 2023, SAE yatangaje gahunda yo "kwihutisha" guhuza NACS Electric Vehicle Coupler nka SAE J3400 binyuze mu gutangaza ibipimo mbere y'igihe, mbere ya 2024. Ibipimo ngenderwaho bizareba uburyo plugs zihuza n'aho zishyurira, umuvuduko wo gushyurira, ubwizerwe n'umutekano w'ikoranabuhanga.

Ni izihe ngingo zindi zikoreshwa mu gushyushya imodoka za EV muri iki gihe?

J1772 niyo porogaramu ikoreshwa mu gushyushya amashanyarazi yo ku rwego rwa 1 cyangwa 2 AC. Combined Charging Standard (CCS) ihuza umuhuza wa J1772 n'umuhuza w'amapine abiri kugira ngo DC ishyushye vuba. CCS Combo 1 (CCS1) ikoresha porogaramu ikoreshwa muri Amerika mu gushyushya amashanyarazi yayo, naho CCS Combo 2 (CCS2) ikoresha uburyo bwa EU bwa AC plug. Imiyoboro ya CCS1 na CCS2 ni minini kandi ikomeye kurusha umuhuza wa NACS. CHAdeMO niyo yari porogaramu ikoreshwa mu gushyushya amashanyarazi yo ku rwego rwa mbere ya DC kandi iracyakoreshwa na Nissan Leaf n'izindi moderi nke ariko ahanini irimo gukurwaho n'inganda n'abakora imiyoboro ya EV charger. Kugira ngo umenye byinshi, reba inyandiko yacu kuri blog ivuga ku bijyanye n'amabwiriza n'amahame ngenderwaho mu nganda zishyushya amashanyarazi za EV.

Ni abahe bahanga ba EV bakoresha NACS?

Igikorwa cya Tesla cyo gufungura NACS kugira ngo ikoreshwe n'andi masosiyete cyahaye inganda za EV amahitamo yo guhindura urubuga rwo gusharija EV n'umuyoboro wa internet uzwiho kwizerwa no koroshya ikoreshwa. Ford ni yo sosiyete ya mbere ya EV yatangaje ko, mu masezerano na Tesla, izakurikiza amahame ya NACS ku modoka za EV zo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, bityo abashoferi bayo bagashobora gukoresha umuyoboro wa Supercharger.

Iryo tangazo ryakurikiwe na General Motors, Rivian, Volvo, Polestar na Mercedes-Benz. Amatangazo y’abakora imodoka arimo guha imodoka za EV ibikoresho byo kwishyuza bya NACS guhera mu 2025 no gutanga adaptateri mu 2024 zizemerera ba nyiri imodoka za EV gukoresha umuyoboro wa Supercharger. Abakora imodoka n’ibigo bikiri gusuzuma ikoreshwa rya NACS mu gihe cyo gutangaza amakuru barimo VW Group na BMW Group, mu gihe abafashe icyemezo cyo "kudatanga igitekerezo" barimo Nissan, Honda/Acura, Aston Martin, na Toyota/Lexus.

Gukoresha NACS bivuze iki ku miyoboro rusange yo gusharija amashanyarazi?

Uretse umuyoboro wa Tesla Supercharger, imiyoboro rusange isanzweho yo gushyushya amashanyarazi ya EV ndetse n’indi irimo gukorwa ahanini ishyigikira CCS. Mu by’ukuri, imiyoboro ya EV yo gushyushya amashanyarazi muri Amerika igomba gushyigikira CCS kugira ngo nyirayo yemererwe inkunga y’ibikorwa remezo bya leta, harimo n’imiyoboro ya Tesla. Nubwo inyinshi mu modoka nshya za EV ziri mu muhanda muri Amerika mu 2025 zifite aho zishyira amashanyarazi ya NACS, miliyoni za EV zifite CCS zizakoreshwa mu myaka icumi iri imbere cyangwa irenga kandi zizakenera kubona uburyo bwo gushyushya amashanyarazi ya EV rusange.

Ibyo bivuze ko mu myaka myinshi amahame ya NACS na CCS azaba ahuriweho n'isoko ryo gushyushya amashanyarazi muri Amerika. Bamwe mu bakora imiyoboro yo gushyushya amashanyarazi muri Amerika, harimo na EVgo, bamaze gushyiramo inkunga gakondo ku miyoboro ya NACS. Tesla EVs (n'imodoka zitazaza zikoresha Tesla NACS) zishobora gukoresha adaptateri za Tesla za NACS-to-CCS1 cyangwa NACS-to-CHAdeMO kugira ngo zishyushye ku muyoboro uwo ari wo wose wa EV muri Amerika. Ingorane ni uko abashoferi bagomba gukoresha porogaramu y'umutanga amashanyarazi cyangwa ikarita y'inguzanyo kugira ngo bishyure igihe cyo gushyushya, kabone n'iyo umutanga amashanyarazi yaba atanga uburambe bwo gushyushya amashanyarazi.

Amasezerano yo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya NACS mu ruganda rwa EV na Tesla arimo gutanga uburenganzira bwo gukoresha umuyoboro wa Supercharger ku bakiriya babo ba EV, binyuze mu gufasha ikoranabuhanga mu modoka. Imodoka nshya zagurishijwe mu 2024 n'inganda zikoresha NACS zizaba zirimo adaptateri ya CCS-to-NACS itangwa n'uruganda kugira ngo igere kuri Supercharger.

Guhabwa uburenganzira bwo gukoresha NACS bivuze iki ku guhabwa uburenganzira bwo gukoresha EV?
Kutagira ibikorwa remezo byo gusana amashanyarazi byagiye biba imbogamizi ku ikoreshwa rya EV. Hamwe no guhuza ikoreshwa rya NACS n'inganda nyinshi za EV na Tesla ishyirwamo inkunga ya CCS mu muyoboro wa Supercharger, hazaboneka amashanyarazi arenga 17.000 ya EV yihuta cyane kugira ngo akemure ibibazo byo mu bwoko bwa EV kandi afungure inzira yo kwakira EV ku baguzi.

Ikibuga cy'Ubumaji cya Tesla
Muri Amerika ya Ruguru Tesla ikoresha uburyo bwayo bwo gushyushya imodoka bwiza kandi bworoshye gukoresha, bwitwa North American Charging Standard (NACS). Ikibabaje ni uko izindi nganda zikora imodoka zisa nkaho zikunda gukora ibinyuranye n'uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha imodoka, ahubwo zigakurikiza uburyo bunini bwo gushyushya imodoka (CCS1).

Kugira ngo Tesla Superchargers zisanzwe zishobore gusharija imodoka zikoresheje imiyoboro ya CCS, Tesla yakoze agasanduku gashya ko gushyushya imodoka gafite adaptateri nto yubatswemo kandi yifunga ubwayo ya NACS-CCS1. Ku bashoferi ba Tesla, uburyo bwo gusharija ntabwo bwahindutse.

Uburyo bwo Gushyushya
Ubwa mbere, "hari porogaramu ya buri kimwe", bityo ntibitangaje kuba ugomba gukuramo porogaramu ya Tesla kuri terefone yawe ya iOS cyangwa Android hanyuma ugashyiraho konti. (Ba nyiri Tesla bashobora gukoresha konti yabo isanzweho kugira ngo bishyuze imodoka zitari iza Tesla.) Ibyo bimaze kurangira, agace ka "Shaja Ibiciro Byawe Bitari ibya Tesla" muri porogaramu kazagaragaza ikarita y'imbuga za Supercharger zihari zifite Magic Docks. Hitamo urubuga rwo kureba amakuru ku maduka afunguye, aderesi y'aho hantu, ibikoresho biri hafi aho, n'amafaranga yo kwishyuza.

Ugeze aho Supercharger iherereye, shyira imodoka ukurikije aho insinga iherereye hanyuma utangire igihe cyo kuyishyuza ukoresheje porogaramu. Kanda ahanditse “Shaja hano” muri porogaramu, hitamo inomero y'iposita iri hepfo y'aho Supercharger ihagarara, hanyuma ushyire hejuru gato hanyuma ukuremo plug hamwe na adaptateri. Tesla's V3 Supercharger ishobora gutanga igiciro cyo kuyishyuza cya 250-kW ku modoka za Tesla, ariko igiciro cyo kuyishyuza uhabwa giterwa n'ubushobozi bwa EV yawe.