Ishaja ye-EV ephathekayo
Ibhokisi Lodonga Le-EV Lasekhaya
Isiteshi Sokushaja se-DC
Isiteshi Sokushaja se-BESS
I-V2G V2H V2V V2L
Imojuli Yokushaja I-EV
Isixhumi Sokushaja se-DC
Izesekeli ze-EV
Njengoba imboni yezokuthutha yomhlaba wonke iqhubekela phambili ekusetshenzisweni kukagesi okuphansi kanye nokusetshenziswa kukagesi, isidingo samandla okushaja aphezulu kakhulu emishini emikhulu njengezimoto zokuthutha ezisindayo, imikhumbi, izindiza, kanye nemishini yobunjiniyela siya ngokuya sigqama. Uhlelo Lokushaja lweMegawatt (MCS), olunamandla okushaja afinyelela ku-3.75 MW, selube yisihluthulelo sobuchwepheshe esiqhuba ukufakwa kukagesi emikhakheni eshiwo ngenhla. I-MCS ayikwazi nje ukufinyeza isikhathi sokushaja kakhulu, kodwa futhi ihlangabezana nezidingo zezimo zokusebenza ezisindayo nezivame kakhulu, okuwukusekelwa okubalulekile ekufinyeleleni ukuguqulwa kwamandla aluhlaza.
Umthamo webhethri wezimoto ezinkulu uvame ukuba izikhathi eziyishumi kunezimoto zabagibeli, futhi izindlela zokushaja zendabuko kunzima ukuhlangabezana nokugcwalisa kabusha amandla okusheshayo kwemishini emikhulu yemishini. Ngakho-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nokushaja kwe-DC ejwayelekile ye-European CCS, isidingo sayo samandla okushaja kufanele sikhuphuke izikhathi eziyi-10-15 (bheka uMfanekiso 1). I-MCS okwamanje ingashaja amabhethri ezimoto ezisindayo ku-80% SOC ngemizuzu engama-45 ngokwandisa i-voltage yokushaja kanye nogesi, okudinga amandla aphezulu angu-3.75 MW futhi kuhambisana nesikhathi sokuphumula esisemthethweni sokushayela ibanga elide.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindinganiso ze-GB/T, CHAdeMO, CCS, kanye ne-NACS, i-MCS ifinyelela ukwehla kwesikhathi sokushaja izikhathi ezingu-4.2 kuya kwezingu-15. Ezingeni lobuchwepheshe, i-MCS ivela ku-CCS, kodwa kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu okubili ezicini ezithile:
Isixhumi sokushaja kanye nokuxhumana okuphansi
I-interface ye-MCS echazwe yi-IEC TS 63379 iyakwazi ukudlulisa amandla afinyelela ku-3000A wamanje futhi isekele i-voltage engu-1250V, kanye nokupholisa uketshezi okudingekayo ezimweni zamandla aphezulu kakhulu.
Izinga lokuxhumana eliphansi le-MCS yi-IEC 61851-23-3 (kulindeleke ukuthi likhishwe ngo-2026). Ukulawula iphini lokuhlola ku-MCS kubizwa ngokuthi i-Charge Enable (CE), esebenzisa i-voltage engu-5V DC futhi engenayo i-PWM. Njengephini le-PP ku-CCS, i-MCS isebenzisa i-5V DC ukuthola ukufakwa (ID), engaphinde inikeze ugesi ongu-12/24V wemishini kagesi esizayo.
1. Ukuxhumana kwezinga eliphezulu: Ukuxhumana kwamaphuzu amaningi angu-10BASE-T1S
Ukuxhumana kwezinga eliphezulu kusekelwe ku-ISO 15118-20, kanti isichibiyelo saso 1 (ISO 15118-20 Amd-1) sethula ama-ID esevisi engeziwe e-MCS. Isakhiwo sokuxhumana sifana ne-CCS, sisebenzisa i-TLS, i-TCP/IP, i-Ethernet, kodwa ungqimba olubonakalayo lusebenzisa i-10BASE-T1S echazwe ku-ISO 15118-10. I-10BASE-T1S iyi-Ethernet ephindwe kabili eyodwa, ene-bandwidth ye-10Mbps half duplex, futhi isebenzisa ikhodi ye-differential Manchester (DME) ngokusekelwe ku-IEEE 802.3cg specification. Ukuxhumana kwezinga eliphezulu kwe-MCS akudingi ukuxhumana kwe-power line carrier (PLC), futhi akudingi inqubo ye-SLAC (signal level attenuation characteristic) yokuthola isimo sokuxhumana.
2. Indlela yokuxhumana ye-PLCA
Ngokungafani nokuxhumana okuqondile kuya endaweni kwe-Ethernet ejwayelekile, i-10BASE-T1 isekela ukuxhumana okunamaphoyinti amaningi kanye nendlela yokuvimbela ukushayisana kwe-Physical Layer Collision (PLCA). Ingqalasizinda yayo ye-EVSE isebenza njengomxhumanisi, inika i-node ID 0 kanye ne-EV kagesi yemoto i-ID 1 (Drop Node 1). Ngokusho kwe-ISO 15118-10, ibhasi lokuxhumana lingasekela ama-node engeziwe afinyelela kwangu-6 (Drop Nodes), njengokudlulisa idatha yenzwa, ugesi, izinga lokushisa, kanye nolunye ulwazi lwe-plug kanye ne-socket. I-PLCA ingathuthukisa inqubo yokuxhumana, ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokudluliselwa kwedatha phakathi kwama-node amaningi, futhi iqinisekise ukuvumelanisa nokuphepha kolwazi kusixhumanisi ngasinye senqubo yokushaja.
Ukuthuthukiswa nokuhlolwa kwe-MCS
Nakuba ukumiswa kwe-MCS kungakaqedwa, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokushaja zabakhiqizi bezimoto kanye nengqalasizinda sekuqalile kakade. Ukulingisa nokuhlola kwesigaba sokuqala kungasiza ekuvimbeleni amaphutha okuklama, kunciphise isikhathi sokulungisa, futhi kunciphise izindleko.
Isixazululo sokuhlola ukulingisa i-MCS esakhiwe yi-Vector sihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuxhumana kwezinga ledeskithophu le-EVCC/SEC, ukuhlolwa kokuvumelana kanye nokusebenzisana, ukuhlolwa kwamandla okusebenza kwezinga le-megawatt, kanye nokuqoqwa kwedatha yangempela yemoto kanye nenqwaba ye-EV/EVSE, okuhlangabezana nezimo zokusetshenziswa konjiniyela ngezindlela ezahlukene (Isithombe 4).
Ipulatifomu yesofthiwe yokuhlaziya, ukulingisa, kanye nokuhlola i-EV/EVSE ehlangabezana nezinqubo ze-MCS/CCS/OCPP/GBT/CHAdeMO ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene.
Kuyimojuli yokuxhumana evikelekile efakwe kusofthiwe, esekela ukubethela kwe-TLS 1.2/1.3, amathempulethi esitifiketi sokuphepha se-PnC, kanye nokusekela ukuqinisekiswa kwe-Subject trusted root interconnect authentication.
Ibhodi lokushaja elihlakaniphile lesizukulwane esisha linikeza ukulingisa kwesekethe yesiqondiso sehadiwe ye-CCS (PLC)/MCS, futhi lisekela nokulingisa iphutha lesendlalelo esibonakalayo.
Ikhadi lesixhumi esibonakalayo sokuxhumana lisekela i-10BASE-T1S, okuvumela ukuxhumana kwezinga eliphezulu le-MCS kanye nokuxhumeka kwamaphuzu amaningi e-MultiDrop.
Ibhentshi lokuhlola elinamandla okushaja aphezulu angu-3.84MW kanye no-1500V linganikezwa, elihlanganisa i-module yokulawula eyinhloko engu-180kW kanye nama-rack kagesi engeziwe ukuze kwandiswe.
Nikeza umtapo wolwazi wecala lokuhlola le-ISO 15118 ojwayelekile kanye nendawo yekhodi yomthombo (i-vTESTstudio), okuvumela abahloli ukuthi basebenzise ngokushesha ukulandelana kokuhlolwa okwenziwe ngokwezifiso ngale kokujwayelekile.
Njengobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bokufakelwa kukagesi kwezokuthutha ezisindayo, ukumiswa kwe-MCS, ukuthembeka, kanye nokuguquguquka kuzothinta ngqo inqubo yokuthuthukiswa komkhakha. Esikhathini esizayo, ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezindinganiso kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okuhlola, i-MCS kulindeleke ukuthi isetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni yezokuthutha, amachweba, izindiza, kanye nemishini yobunjiniyela.
Ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi okuthuthukisa, ukulingisa, kanye nokuhlola afanele, ubunzima kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona zesistimu kungaxazululwa. Uhlelo olunikezwa yi-Vector lunokuguquguquka okuphezulu kanye nokusabalala, okuhlanganisa nokuhlolwa kokusebenza ngamandla aphezulu okushaja achazwe yi-MCS, kuyilapho i-toolchain ihlanganisa ngaphandle komthungo ezinye izindinganiso zokushaja, ihlanganisa kangcono izidingo zamaphrojekthi ahlukene. I-Vector iphinde ihlanganyele emakomidini afanele okulinganisa futhi ilungisa ngokushesha izixazululo ukuze zivumelane nenqubo yakamuva yokulinganisa ye-MCS.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-21-2026
