Ngā Huarahi Mākete o Initonīhia mō te Hoko me te Hanganga EV

Kei te whakataetae a Indonesia ki ngā whenua pēnei i a Thailand me Īnia ki te whakawhanake i tana umanga waka hiko, me te whakarato i tētahi huarahi kē atu ki a Haina, te kaihanga waka hiko matua o te ao. Ko te tumanako a te whenua mā te urunga atu ki ngā rauemi mata me te kaha ahumahi ka taea ai e ia te noho hei turanga whakataetae mō ngā kaihanga waka hiko, ā, ka taea ai e ia te hanga mekameka tuku ā-rohe. Kei te whakatūhia ngā kaupapa here tautoko hei whakatenatena i ngā haumitanga whakaputa me ngā hoko ā-rohe o ngā waka hiko.

Te tirohanga ki te mākete ā-rohe
Kei te kaha te mahi a Initonīhia ki te whakatū i tētahi aroaro rongonui i roto i te umanga waka hiko (EV), me te whāinga kia eke ki te 2.5 miriona ngā kaiwhakamahi waka hiko i te tau 2025.

Heoi anō, e kī ana ngā raraunga mākete ka roa te wā e hiahiatia ana hei whakarerekē i ngā whanonga o ngā kaihoko waka. E ai ki tētahi pūrongo a Reuters i te marama o Ākuhata, he iti iho i te kotahi ōrau o ngā waka hiko kei runga i ngā rori o Initonīhia. I te tau kua hipa, 15,400 noa iho ngā hoko waka hiko a Initonīhia, ā, tata ki te 32,000 ngā hoko motopaika hiko. Ahakoa kei te whakaaro ngā kaiwhakahaere taxi rongonui pērā i a Bluebird ki te hoko mai i ngā waka EV mai i ngā kamupene nui pērā i te kamupene waka nui o Haina, a BYD, me roa ake te wā e hiahiatia ana kia tutuki ai ngā matapae a te kāwanatanga o Initonīhia.

Heoi, te āhua nei kei te haere tonu te panoni haere o ngā waiaro. I te taha hauauru o Jakarta, kua kite te kaihokohoko waka PT Prima Wahana Auto Mobil i te pikinga ake o ngā hoko EV. E ai ki tētahi māngai hokohoko a te kamupene i kōrero ki a China Daily i te marama o Hune o tēnei tau, kei te hoko, kei te whakamahi hoki ngā kaihoko i Indonesia i te Wuling Air EV hei waka tuarua, me ā rātou waka tuku iho.

Tērā pea ka hono atu tēnei momo whakatau ki ngā āwangawanga mō te hanganga hou mō te utu EV me ngā ratonga muri-hoko me te whānuitanga o te EV, e pā ana ki te utu pākahiko e hiahiatia ana hei tae atu ki tētahi ūnga. I te nuinga, ko ngā utu EV me ngā āwangawanga mō te mana pākahiko ka ārai pea i te whakamahinga tuatahi.

Heoi, kei tua atu i te whakatenatena i ngā kaihoko ki te whakamahi i ngā waka hiko ma, ko ngā wawata o Indonesia kei tua atu i te whakatenatena i te whakamahi a ngā kaihoko i ngā waka hiko ma. Kei te whai hoki te whenua ki te whakatū i a ia anō hei pokapū matua i roto i te mekameka tuku EV. Nā te mea, ko Indonesia te mākete motuka nui rawa atu i te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia, ā, ko ia te tuarua o ngā pokapū whakaputa nui rawa atu i te rohe, whai muri i a Thailand.

I ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei, ka tūhuratia e mātou ngā āhuatanga matua e akiaki ana i tēnei huringa EV, me te matapaki i ngā āhuatanga e pai ai a Indonesia mō te haumi mai i tāwāhi ki tēnei wāhanga.

Kaupapa here a te kāwanatanga me ngā mahi tautoko
Kua whakauruhia e te kāwanatanga o Joko Widodo te hanga waka hiko ki roto i te Mahere Matua o ASEAN_Indonesia_Whakaterenga me te Whakawhanui i te Whanaketanga Ōhanga o Indonesia 2011-2025, ā, kua whakarārangihia te whanaketanga o ngā hanganga waka hiko i roto i te Narasi-RPJMN-2020-2024-versi-Bahasa-Ingarihi (Mahere Waenga-Motu 2020-2024).

I raro i te Mahere 2020-24, ka aro nui te ahumahi o te motu ki ngā wāhanga matua e rua: (1) te whakaputanga o ngā taonga ahuwhenua, matū, me te whakarewa i runga ake, me (2) te hanga hua hei whakarei ake i te uara me te whakataetae. Kei roto i ēnei hua he whānuitanga o ngā rāngai, tae atu ki ngā waka hiko. Ka tautokona te whakatinanatanga o te mahere mā te whakataurite i ngā kaupapa here puta noa i ngā rāngai tuatahi, tuarua, me te tuatoru.
I te marama o Ākuhata o tēnei tau, i pānuitia e Indonesia he whakaroa mō ngā tau e rua mō ngā kaihanga waka kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga whakauru mō ngā whakatenatena waka hiko. Mā ngā ture haumi hou kua whakaurua mai, he ngāwari ake, ka taea e ngā kaihanga waka te oati ki te whakaputa i te iti rawa o te 40 ōrau o ngā wāhanga EV i Indonesia i te tau 2026 kia whai mana ai ki ngā whakatenatena. Kua oti kē te whakapau kaha haumi a te waitohu Neta EV o Haina me te Mitsubishi Motors o Hapani. I taua wā, i whakaurua e PT Hyundai Motors Indonesia tana EV tuatahi i hangaia i te motu i te marama o Āperira 2022.

I mua ake nei, i pānuitia e Indonesia tōna hiahia ki te whakaiti i ngā takoha kawemai mai i te 50 ōrau ki te kore mō ngā kaihanga waka hiko e whakaaro ana ki te haumi ki te whenua.

I te tau 2019, i whakatinanahia e te kāwanatanga o Initonīhia he maha o ngā kaupapa whakatenatena e aro ana ki ngā kaihanga waka hiko, ngā kamupene kawe waka, me ngā kaihoko. I roto i ēnei kaupapa whakatenatena ko te whakahekenga o ngā taake kawemai mō ngā mīhini me ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga EV, ā, i tukuna he painga hararei taake mō te 10 tau te roa ki ngā kaihanga EV e haumi ana i te iti rawa 5 trillion rupiah (he rite ki te US$346 miriona) ki te whenua.

Kua tino whakaitihia hoki e te kāwanatanga o Initonīhia te taake uara tāpiri mō ngā waka hiko mai i te 11 ōrau ki te kotahi ōrau anake. Nā tēnei nekehanga i heke nui ai te utu tīmatanga o te Hyundai Ioniq 5 tino utu iti, mai i te neke atu i te US$51,000 ki raro iho i te US$45,000. He awhe utu nui tonu tēnei mō te kaiwhakamahi waka Initonīhia toharite; ko te motuka penehīni iti rawa te utu i Initonīhia, ko te Daihatsu Ayla, ka tīmata i raro iho i te US$9,000.

Ngā kaiārahi tipu mō te hanga waka hiko
Ko te tino take o te pana ki te hanga waka hiko ko te nui o ngā rauemi mata o te motu o Initonīhia.

Ko tēnei whenua te kaihanga matua o te nikara o te ao, he wāhanga nui i roto i te hanga pākahiko lithium-ion, koinei te mea nui mō ngā kete pākahiko EV. Ko ngā rahui nikara o Initonīhia e 22-24 ōrau o te tapeke o te ao. Hei tāpiri, kei te whenua te konupora, e whakaroa ana i te roa o te ora o ngā pākahiko EV, me te bauxite, e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga konumohe, he wāhanga matua i roto i te hanga EV. Mā tēnei urunga wawe ki ngā rauemi mata ka taea te whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa mā te nui.

Ā tōna wā, mā te whanaketanga o ngā kaha hanga waka hiko o Initonīhia ka kaha ake te kaweake ā-rohe, mena ka piki ake te hiahia mō ngā waka hiko ki ngā ōhanga tata. Ko te whāinga a te kāwanatanga kia hangaia kia 600,000 ngā waka hiko i te tau 2030.

Haunga ngā whakatenatena whakaputa me ngā hoko, kei te whai a Indonesia ki te whakaiti i tōna whakawhirinaki ki ngā kaweake rauemi mata, me te neke ki ngā kaweake taonga tāpiri uara teitei ake. Inaa, i aukatia e Indonesia te kaweake nikara i te marama o Hanuere 2020, me te whakanui ake i tōna kaha ki te whakarewa rauemi mata, te hanga pākahiko EV, me te hanga EV.

I te Whiringa-ā-rangi 2022, i hainatia e te Hyundai Motor Company (HMC) me te PT Adaro Minerals Indonesia, Tbk (AMI) tētahi Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) e aro ana ki te whakarite kia mau tonu te tuku konumohe hei whakatutuki i te hiahia e piki haere ana mō te hanga waka. Ko te whāinga o te mahi tahi he waihanga i tētahi pūnaha mahi tahi whānui e pā ana ki te hanga me te tuku konumohe e whakahaerehia ana e AMI, me tana apiti, PT Kalimantan Aluminium Industry (KAI).

E ai ki tētahi panuitanga pāpāho a te kamupene, kua tīmata a Hyundai Motor Company i tētahi whare hanga i Indonesia, ā, kei te mahi tahi rātou me Indonesia puta noa i ngā mara maha, me te titiro ki ngā mahi tahi a meake nei i roto i te umanga motuka. Kei roto i tēnei ko te tūhura i ngā haumitanga ki ngā mahi tahi mō te hanga pūtau pākahiko. Hei tāpiri, ko te konumohe matomato o Indonesia, e tohuhia ana e te whakamahinga o te whakaputa hiko wai-iti-waro, he pūtake hiko pai mō te taiao, e hangai ana ki te kaupapa here waro-kore a HMC. E matapaetia ana ka tutuki i tēnei konumohe matomato te hiahia o te ao e piki haere ana i waenga i ngā kaihanga motuka.
Ko tētahi atu whāinga nui ko ngā whāinga pumau a Indonesia. Ka whai wāhi te rautaki EV a te whenua ki te whai a Indonesia i ngā whāinga kore-tukunga hau. Nō nā tata nei i tere ake ai a Indonesia i ana whāinga whakaiti tukunga hau, e whai ana kia 32 ōrau te whakaiti (mai i te 29 ōrau) i te tau 2030. Ko ngā waka pāhihi me ngā waka arumoni e 19.2 ōrau o te tapeke o ngā tukunga hau e puta mai ana i ngā waka rori, ā, mā te neke kaha ki te tango me te whakamahi i te EV ka tino whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau katoa.

Kāore ngā mahi keri i roto i te Rārangi Pūtea Pai hou o Initonīhia, ko te tikanga he tuwhera tonu rātou ki te mana whakahaere o tāwāhi katoa.

Heoi, he mea nui kia mōhio ngā kaipupuri moni o tāwāhi ki te Ture Kāwanatanga Nama 23 o te tau 2020 me te Ture Nama 4 o te tau 2009 (kua whakatikatikaina). E whakatau ana ēnei ture me tuku haere e ngā kamupene keri whenua o tāwāhi te iti rawa o te 51 ōrau o ā rātou hea ki ngā kaipupuri hea o Initonīhia i roto i ngā tau 10 tuatahi o te tīmatanga o te mahi arumoni.

Te haumitanga mai i tāwāhi ki te mekameka tuku waka hiko
I ngā tau kua taha ake nei, kua kukume mai a Indonesia i ngā haumitanga nui mai i tāwāhi ki tana umanga nikara, ko te arotahi matua ki te hanga pākahiko hiko me ngā whanaketanga mekameka tuku e pā ana.

Ko ngā mea tino rongonui ko:

Kua tohaina e Mitsubishi Motors tata ki te US$375 miriona hei whakawhānui i te hanga, tae atu ki te motuka hiko Minicab-MiEV, me ngā mahere ki te tīmata i te hanga EV i te marama o Tīhema.
Kua tīmata a Neta, he apiti nō Hozon New Energy Automobile o Haina, i te tukanga whakaae ota mō te Neta V EV, ā, kei te whakarite rātou mō te hanga ā-rohe i te tau 2024.
E rua ngā kaihanga, a Wuling Motors rāua ko Hyundai, kua nekehia ētahi o ā rāua mahi whakaputa ki Initonīhia kia whiwhi ai i ngā kaupapa whakatenatena katoa. Kei waho o Jakarta ngā wheketere o ngā kamupene e rua, ā, ko rāua ngā tino kaiwhakataetae i te mākete EV o te whenua e pā ana ki ngā hoko.
E rua ngā kaupapa keri me te whakarewa nikara nui a ngā kaipupuri moni Hainamana kei roto i a Sulawesi, he moutere e mōhiotia ana mō ōna rahui nikara nui. E hono ana ēnei kaupapa ki ngā hinonga hokohoko tūmatanui a Indonesia Morowali Industrial Park me Virtue Dragon Nickel Industry.
I te tau 2020, i hainatia e te Manatū Hanga Pūtea o Initonīhia me LG tētahi MoU $9.8 piriona mō LG Energy Solution ki te haumi puta noa i te mekameka tuku waka hiko.
I te tau 2021, i tīmata a LG Energy me Hyundai Motor Group i te whakawhanake i te tipu pūtau pākahiko tuatahi o Initonīhia me te uara haumi o te US$1.1 piriona, i hangaia kia 10 GWh te kaha.
I te tau 2022, i uru atu te Manatū Hanga Pūtea o Initonīhia ki tētahi MoU me Foxconn, Gogoro Inc, IBC, me Indika Energy, e uru ana ki te hanga pākahiko, te e-mobility, me ngā ahumahi e pā ana.
Kua mahi tahi te kamupene keri whenua a Aneka Tambang me te Rōpū CATL o Haina i roto i tētahi whakaaetanga mō te hanga waka hiko, te hangarua pākahiko, me te keri nikara.
Kei te hanga a LG Energy i tētahi whare whakarewa e $3.5 piriona tāra te utu i te porowini o Java Waenganui, ā, ka taea te whakaputa i te 150,000 tāne o te nikara whanariki ia tau.
Kua mahi tahi a Vale Indonesia me Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt me ​​Ford Motor ki te whakatū i tētahi tipu waikura hauwai (MHP) i te porowini o te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Sulawesi, e whakamaheretia ana mō te kaha 120,000 tana, me tētahi atu tipu MHP me te kaha 60,000 tana.