Urusobe rw'amashanyarazi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ruhura n'ibibazo n'ingorane.

Urusobe rw'amashanyarazi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ruhura n'ibibazo n'ingorane.

Mu gihembwe cya kabiri cy'uyu mwaka, imodoka nshya zikoresha amashanyarazi zigera ku 300.000 zagurishijwe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, bishyiraho andi mateka y'igihembwe, bikaba bigaragaza ko ziyongereyeho 48.4% ugereranyije n'igihembwe cya kabiri cya 2022.

Tesla yayoboye isoko aho yagurishije imodoka zisaga 175.000, bikaba bigaragaza ko yiyongereyeho 34.8% mu gihembwe. Izamuka ry’ibicuruzwa bya Tesla muri rusange ryungukiye ku kugabanuka gukomeye kw’ibiciro muri Amerika n’inyungu zatanzwe zirenze cyane impuzandengo y’inganda.

Muri Kamena, igiciro mpuzandengo cy'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ku isoko rya Amerika cyagabanutseho hafi 20% ugereranyije n'umwaka.

Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zari zifite 7.2% by'imigabane ku isoko rya Amerika mu gihembwe cya kabiri, zivuye kuri 5.7% mu mwaka ushize ariko ziri munsi ya 7.3% byavuguruwe byagaragaye mu gihembwe cya mbere. Tesla yari ku mwanya wa mbere mu masosiyete y'imodoka zihenze ku isoko rya Amerika, nyamara uruhare rwayo mu kugurisha imodoka za EV rwakomeje kugabanuka.

Mu gihembwe cya kabiri cy'uyu mwaka, isoko rya Tesla ryagabanutseho 60% ku nshuro ya mbere, nubwo ingano y'ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe yari igeze ku mwanya wa kabiri kurusha Chevrolet - inshuro icumi. Ford na Hyundai zaje ku mwanya wa gatatu n'uwa kane, zigakurikira Chevrolet gusa. Rivian nshya yagurishije imodoka zisaga 20.000 muri iki gihembwe.

Imodoka yahoze ari iyambere mu gutwara abantu mu bwoko bwa Model S ntabwo ikiri imodoka igura cyane mu gutwara abantu mu gihembwe gishize. Ingano y’ibiciro byayo mu gihembwe gishize yari 5.257, bivuze ko yagabanutseho 40% ugereranyije n’umwaka ushize, ikaba igabanutse cyane ugereranyije n’ibiciro bya BMW i4 mu gihembwe cya kabiri by’ibiciro byayo by’ibiciro bya 6.777.

Uko icyifuzo cy’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi kigenda cyiyongera ku rwego rw’isi uko umwaka utashye, iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo byo gusharija ryakomeje kuba ikintu cy’ingenzi.

Nk’uko Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ingufu kibitangaza, umugabane w’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ku isoko ry’imodoka ku isi wazamutse uva kuri 4% mu 2020 ugera kuri 14% mu 2022, aho biteganijwe ko uzagera kuri 18% mu 2023. Abayobozi mu nganda z’imodoka zo muri Amerika bateganya ko imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zizaba 50% by’imodoka nshya zigurishwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 2030.

Intego iriho ubu ni ugukemura impungenge z'uko ibikorwa remezo bidahagije byongerera impungenge abaguzi ku bijyanye n'aho ibicuruzwa biherereye.

Nk’uko S&P Global Mobility ibivuga, sitasiyo zigera ku 140.000 zo gushyushya amashanyarazi muri Amerika zikora ubu muri iki gihe. S&P igaragaza ko nubwo haba harimo ibyuma bishyushya amazu yo guturamo, umubare wose w’ibyuma bishyushya amashanyarazi muri Amerika ugomba kwikuba kane mu 2025. Uyu muryango uteganya ko uyu mubare uzongera kwiyongera inshuro umunani mu 2030.

Ibi bivuze ko hagomba gushyirwaho charger nshya 420.000 mu 2025 n'izirenga miliyoni imwe mu 2030.

Uko ibicuruzwa by'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi bikomeza kwiyongera, abacuruzi b'imodoka zitwara amashanyarazi bo muri Amerika barushaho gukenera ibisubizo byo gusharija. Ibipimo by'isoko bigaragaza ko Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zizabona uburyo bwo gushyushya imodoka mu buryo bwihuse, bunini kandi burambye mu myaka iri imbere. Ubu buryo bugamije gutanga uburambe bwo gutwara no gusharija imodoka z'amashanyarazi zo muri Amerika mu buryo bworoshye, bwihuse kandi bwiza, bityo bigatuma igihugu gihindura amashanyarazi.

I. Amahirwe mu Isoko ry'Imitungo Amasosiyete arimo gushaka byihutirwa no kubona ahantu heza ho gushyira ibikorwa remezo bya leta mu buryo bwihuse. Nubwo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika hakenewe abantu benshi, imishinga y’imitungo ikwiye iracyari mike.

II. Kurengera Uburenganzira bw'Iterambere Aho gushyuza amafaranga ntabwo hagaragara ibintu bihuriweho, aho buri hantu hagaragaza imiterere yihariye. Kwemerera inzira n'uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa birushaho gutera ibibazo bikomeye mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ibicuruzwa.

III. Ibisabwa ku nkunga Inzira zo gutera inkunga ziratandukanye kandi amahame ntahuye. Igishoro cy’inganda zikora ibikoresho birimo inkunga za leta, buri kimwe gifite ibisabwa mu gutanga raporo.

IV. Impinduka mu turere Inzego za leta zigumana ububasha ku bipimo ngenderwaho kuri izi porogaramu nshya n'ikoranabuhanga (Ubuyobozi bufite ububasha, AHJ), mu gihe gushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho ku rwego rw'igihugu bigikomeje. Ibi bivuze ko ahantu hatandukanye hafite amabwiriza atandukanye yo kubona impushya.

V. Kwagura amashanyarazi bihagije Ibikorwa remezo Biteganijwe ko amashanyarazi azakwirakwira cyane ku miyoboro y'amashanyarazi mu gihugu. Amwe mu masosiyete ateganya ko igihugu kizakenera kongera ingufu kuva kuri 20% kugeza kuri 50% kugira ngo gihuze n'ibikenewe mu gushyushya umuriro wa EV.

VI. Ubushobozi buhagije bwo kubaka Itsinda ry’abubatsi bujuje ibisabwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ni rito, bigatuma ridashobora kugera ku ntego zo gushyiraho umubare wagenwe w’aho gushyushya mu gihe cyagenwe.

VII. Ubushobozi bwo gutanga ibikoresho muri Amerika ubu nta buryo buhagije bwo gutanga ibikoresho bushobora gushyigikira isoko ryayo ry’ejo hazaza ryo gukora ahantu ho gushyushya. Ihungabana ry’ibikoresho mu gutanga ibikoresho rishobora kudindiza imirimo yo kubaka imishinga. Ingorane z’imiterere y’ibikoresho bishyushya ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi. Abakiriya, ba rwiyemezamirimo, abakora umushinga, amasosiyete y’imirimo n’ibigo bya leta bose bagira uruhare rugaragara mu mishinga yo gushyushya ibikoresho. Izamuka ry’igurishwa ry’ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi ryagaragaje icyuho kiri mu bikorwa remezo byo gushyushya ibikoresho muri Amerika, aho impuguke zibona iki kibazo nk’ikibazo gikomeye mu nganda zicuruza imodoka muri Amerika.