Ngaba iTesla NACS iya kumanyanisa iindawo zokutshaja zaseMntla Melika?

Ngaba uTesla uza kumanyanisa iindawo zokutshaja zaseMntla Melika?

Kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa, imigangatho yokutshaja yaseMntla Melika iphantse yatshintsha.
Nge-23 kaMeyi, 2023, iFord ngequbuliso yabhengeza ukuba iza kufikelela ngokupheleleyo kwizikhululo zokutshaja zikaTesla kwaye iza kuqala ithumele iiadaptha zokuqhagamshelana neziqhagamshelo zokutshaja zikaTesla kubanini abakhoyo beFord ukuqala kunyaka olandelayo, emva koko kwixa elizayo. Izithuthi zombane ze-Ford ziya kusebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo i-interface ye-Tesla yokutshaja, ephelisa imfuno yee-adapters kwaye inokusebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo zonke iinethiwekhi zokutshaja zeTesla kulo lonke elase-United States.

Kwiiveki ezimbini kamva, ngoJuni 8, i-2023, i-CEO yeGeneral Motors uBarra kunye noMusk babhengeze kwinkomfa ye-Twitter Spaces ukuba iGeneral Motors iya kwamkela umgangatho weTesla, umgangatho we-NACS (i-Tesla ibiza i-interface yayo yokutshaja i-North American Charging Standard (NACS ngokufutshane), efana ne-Ford, i-GM iphinde iphumeze ukuguqulwa kolu nxibelelwano lokutshaja ngamanyathelo amabini. abanini, kwaye ke ukuqala kwi-2025, izithuthi zombane zeGM ezintsha ziya kuxhotyiswa nge-NACS yokutshaja i-interfaces ngqo kwisithuthi.

Oku kunokuthiwa kukubethelwa okukhulu kweminye imigangatho yojongano lokutshaja (ikakhulu iCCS) ebikwimarike yaseMntla Melika. Nangona zithathu kuphela iinkampani zezithuthi, iTesla, Ford kunye neGeneral Motors, eziye zajoyina i-NACS yomgangatho wokujongana, ukugweba ukusuka kumthamo wentengiso yezithuthi zombane kunye nentengiso ye-interface yokutshaja e-United States ngo-2022, linani elincinane labantu abahlala kuninzi lwemarike: ezi 3 Ukuthengiswa kwemoto yombane kwezi nkampani zithengisa ngaphezulu kwe-60 yemoto ye-Tele kunye ne-US ithengisa ngokukhawuleza i-NACSr kunye ne-US ye-NACSr yemoto. akhawunti phantse 60% kwimarike US.

2. Umlo wehlabathi malunga nokutshaja ujongano
Ukongeza kumda woluhlu lokuhamba ngenqanawa, ukulungeleka kunye nesantya sokutshaja kukwangumqobo omkhulu ekusasazweni kwezithuthi zombane. Ngaphezu koko, ukongeza kwitekhnoloji ngokwayo, ukungahambelani kwemigangatho yokutshaja phakathi kwamazwe kunye nemimandla kwakhona kwenza uphuhliso lweshishini lokutshaja lucothe kwaye lubize.
Okwangoku kukho imigangatho emihlanu ephambili yokutshaja emhlabeni: CCS1 (CCS=INkqubo yokuTshaja eDityanisiweyo) eMntla Melika, iCCS2 eYurophu, i-GB/T e-China, i-CHAdeMO eJapan, kunye ne-NACS ezinikele kuTesla.

Phakathi kwabo, i-Tesla kuphela ehlala idibanisa i-AC kunye ne-DC, ngelixa ezinye zineendlela zokutshaja ezihlukeneyo ze-AC (AC) kunye ne-DC (DC) yokutshaja.
Emantla eMelika, imigangatho yokutshaja yeCCS1 kunye neTesla yeNACS yeyona iphambili okwangoku. Ngaphambi koku, bekukho olona khuphiswano lubi phakathi kweCCS1 kunye nomgangatho weCHAdeMO yaseJapan. Nangona kunjalo, kunye nokuwa kweenkampani zaseJapan kwindlela ecocekileyo yombane kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokukodwa ukuhla kweNissan Leaf, i-chademo yentengiso yombane yangaphambili ecocekileyo eMntla Melika, imizekelo elandelayo i-Ariya yatshintshela kwi-CCS1, kwaye i-CHAdeMO yoyiswa eMntla Melika.
Iinkampani ezininzi zeemoto zaseYurophu zikhethe umgangatho weCCS2. I-China inomgangatho wayo wokutshaja we-GB / T (okwangoku ukukhuthaza isizukulwana esilandelayo sokutshaja okuphezulu kweChaoJi), ngelixa iJapan isasebenzisa i-CHAdeMO.
Umgangatho we-CCS uthatyathwe kumgangatho we-DC okhawulezayo wokutshaja odityanisiweyo we-combo esekwe kumgangatho we-SAE woMbutho weeNjineli zeZimoto kunye nomgangatho we-ACEA we-European Automotive Industry Association. I-"Fast Charging Association" yasungulwa ngokusemthethweni kwiNgqungquthela ye-26th ye-World Electric Vehicle e-Los Angeles, eU.SA kwi-2012. Ngaloo nyaka, iinkampani ezisibhozo ezinkulu ze-American kunye ne-Jamani zeemoto ezibandakanya i-Ford, i-General Motors, i-Volkswagen, i-Audi, i-BMW, ​​i-Daimler, i-Porsche kunye ne-Chrysler isungule intlangano edibeneyo Isithuthi sombane esihlangeneyo sokutshaja ngokukhawuleza sibhengeze inkcazo yomgangatho wokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-CCS kwaye kamva yakhupha inkcazo yomgangatho wokutshaja. Yaqatshelwa ngokukhawuleza yimibutho yaseMelika kunye neJamani.
Xa kuthelekiswa neCCS1, iingenelo ze-NACS zeTesla zezi: (1) ukukhanya kakhulu, iplagi encinci inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokutshaja okucothayo kunye nokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa i-CCS1 kunye ne-CHAdeMO zininzi kakhulu; (2) zonke iimoto ze-NACS zonke zixhasa iprotocol yedatha yokusingatha i-plug-and-play billing. Nabani na oqhuba imoto yombane kuhola wendlela kufuneka akwazi oku. Ukuze uhlawule, kusenokufuneka ukhuphele ii-apps ezininzi emva koko uskene ikhowudi ye-QR ukuze uhlawule. Kunzima kakhulu. engalunganga. Ukuba unokuplaga kwaye udlale kwaye uhlawule, amava aya kuba ngcono kakhulu. Lo msebenzi okwangoku uxhaswa ziimodeli ezimbalwa zeCCS. (3) Uyilo olukhulu lwenethiwekhi yokutshaja kaTesla ibonelela abanini beemoto ngokulula kakhulu ekusebenziseni iimoto zabo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iimfumba zokutshaja ze-CCS1, ukuthembeka kweemfumba zokutshaja zeTesla kuphezulu kwaye amava angcono. kulungile.

Ukuthelekiswa komgangatho wokutshaja weTesla NACS kunye nomgangatho wokutshaja weCCS1
Lo ngumahluko wokutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Kubasebenzisi baseMntla Melika abafuna kuphela ukutshaja okucothayo, umgangatho wokutshaja weJ1772 uyasetyenziswa. Zonke i-Teslas ziza kunye ne-adapter elula evumela ukuba basebenzise i-J1772. Abanini beTesla badla ngokufaka iitshaja zeNACS ekhaya, ezinexabiso eliphantsi.
Kwezinye iindawo zikawonke-wonke, ezifana neehotele, iTesla iya kusasaza iitshaja ezicothayo ze-NACS kwiihotele; ukuba i-Tesla NACS iba ngumgangatho, ngoko i-J1772 ekhoyo iya kuxhotyiswa nge-adapter yokuguqula kwi-NACS.
3. Umgangatho VS uninzi lwabasebenzisi
Ngokungafaniyo neChina, eneemfuno zemigangatho yesizwe edibeneyo, nangona i-CCS1 ingumgangatho wokutshaja eNyakatho Melika, ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwangaphambili kunye nenani elikhulu leenethiwekhi zokutshaja zeTesla, oku kuye kwadala imeko enomdla kakhulu eMntla Melika, oko kukuthi: uninzi Umgangatho weCCS1 oxhaswa ngamashishini (phantse zonke iinkampani ngaphandle kweTesla) ngokwenene incinci; endaweni ye-Tesla yokutshaja ujongano oluqhelekileyo, isetyenziswa ngabasebenzisi abaninzi.
Ingxaki ngokukhuthazwa kwe-interface ye-Tesla yokutshaja kukuba akusiyo umgangatho okhutshwe okanye owaziwayo ngumbutho wemigangatho, kuba ukuze ube ngumgangatho, kufuneka uhambe ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo zombutho wophuhliso lwemigangatho. Sisisombululo nje seTesla ngokwayo, kwaye ikakhulu IseMntla Melika (kunye nezinye iimarike ezifana neJapan kunye noMzantsi Korea).
Kwangoko, uTesla ubhengeze ukuba iyakukhupha ilayisensi yayo yamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza “simahla” kodwa ngeemeko ezithile ezincanyathiselweyo, isinikezelo abathi bambalwa basithathile. Ngoku ukuba iTesla ivule ngokupheleleyo itekhnoloji yokutshaja kunye neemveliso, abantu banokuyisebenzisa ngaphandle kwemvume yenkampani. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokwezibalo zemarike yaseMntla Melika, i-Tesla yokutshaja imfumba / indleko yokwakha isikhululo kuphela malunga ne-1/5 yomgangatho, onika inzuzo enkulu yeendleko xa ukhuthazwa. Kwangelo xesha, nge-9 kaJuni ngo-2023, oko kukuthi, emva kokuba iFord kunye noGeneral Motors bajoyine iTesla NACS, iWhite House yakhupha iindaba zokuba i-NACS kaTesla inokufumana intlawulo yenkxaso-mali evela kulawulo lweBiden. Ngaphambi koko, uTesla wayengafanelekanga.
Le ntshukumo yeenkampani zaseMelika kunye norhulumente uziva ngathi ubeka iinkampani zaseYurophu kwiphepha elifanayo. Ukuba umgangatho we-NACS kaTesla unokugqiba ukudibanisa imarike yaseNyakatho Melika, imigangatho yokutshaja yehlabathi iya kwenza imeko entsha ye-tripartite: I-GB / T yaseTshayina, i-CCS2 yaseYurophu, kunye neTesla NACS.

Kutshanje, uNissan ubhengeze isivumelwano kunye noTesla ukuba amkele uMgangatho wokuTshaja waseNyakatho Melika (NACS) oqala ngo-2025, ejolise ekuboneleleni abanini beNissan ngeendlela ezingakumbi zokuhlawula iimoto zabo zombane. Kwiinyanga nje ezimbini, ii-automakers ezisixhenxe, kuquka iVolkswagen, iFord, iGeneral Motors, iRivian, iVolvo, iPolestar, kunye neMercedes-Benz, babhengeze izivumelwano zokuhlawulisa kunye noTesla. Ukongeza, ngosuku olunye, iintloko ezine zabaqhubi benethiwekhi phesheya kunye nababoneleli ngeenkonzo ngaxeshanye babhengeza ukwamkelwa komgangatho weTesla NACS. $New Energy Vehicle Leading ETF(SZ159637)$

I-Tesla inamandla okudibanisa imigangatho yokutshaja kwiimarike zaseYurophu naseMelika.

Kukho ngoku iiseti ezi-4 zemigangatho yokutshaja eqhelekileyo kwimarike, ezizezi: umgangatho waseJapan CHAdeMo, umgangatho waseTshayina we-GB/T, umgangatho waseYurophu kunye nowaseMelika weCCS1/2, kunye nomgangatho weTesla weNACS. Kanye njengoko imimoya ihluka ukusuka kwimayile ukuya kwimayile kwaye amasiko ahluka ukusuka kwimayile ukuya kwimayile, imigangatho yeprotocol yokutshaja eyahlukileyo yenye "yezikhubekiso" kukwandiswa kwehlabathi kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha.

Njengoko sisazi sonke, idola yaseMelika yeyona mali yelizwe jikelele, ngoko ke “inzima”. Ukujonga oku, uMusk ukwaqokelele umdlalo omkhulu kumzamo wokulawula umgangatho wokutshaja wehlabathi. Ekupheleni kuka-2022, uTesla wabhengeza ukuba uza kuvula umgangatho we-NACS, aveze ipatent yakhe yokutshaja yoyilo lokudibanisa, kwaye ameme ezinye iinkampani zeemoto ukuba zamkele ujongano lokutshaja lwe-NACS kwiimoto eziveliswe ngobuninzi. Emva koko, uTesla wabhengeza ukuvulwa kwenethiwekhi ephezulu. I-Tesla inenethiwekhi ehamba phambili yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza e-United States, kubandakanya malunga ne-1,600 yezikhululo zokutshaja kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-17,000 yeepiles zokutshaja. Ukufikelela kumnatha we-Tesla we-supercharging network kunokonga imali eninzi ekwakheni inethiwekhi yokutshaja eyakhiwe ngokwakho. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iTesla ivule inethiwekhi yayo yokutshaja kwezinye iimoto kumazwe ali-18 nakwimimandla.

Ewe kunjalo, uMusk akazukuyiyeka iTshayina, eyona ntengiso inkulu yehlabathi yezithuthi zamandla. Ngo-Epreli kulo nyaka, uTesla ubhengeze ukuvulwa komqhubi wenethiwekhi yokutshaja eTshayina. Ibhetshi yokuqala yokuvula i-pilot ye-10 izikhululo zokutshaja eziphezulu ze-37 imodeli engeyiyo ye-Tesla, egubungela iimodeli ezininzi ezidumileyo phantsi kweempawu ezifana ne-BYD kunye ne "Wei Xiaoli". Kwixesha elizayo, inethiwekhi yokutshaja yeTesla iya kubekwa kwindawo enkulu kwaye ububanzi beenkonzo zeempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye neemodeli ziya kwandiswa ngokuqhubekayo.

Kwisiqingatha sokuqala salo nyaka, ilizwe lam lathumela ngaphandle i-534,000 yeemoto zamandla amatsha, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwamaxesha e-1.6, okwenza kube lilizwe elihamba phambili kwihlabathi malunga nokuthengiswa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha. Kwimarike yaseTshayina, imigaqo-nkqubo yasekhaya enxulumene namandla yaqulunqwa ngaphambili kwaye ishishini laphuhliswa ngaphambili. I-GB/T 2015 ebiza umgangatho wesizwe iye yadityaniswa njengomgangatho. Nangona kunjalo, ukungahambelani kwe-interface yokutshaja kusabonakala kwinani elikhulu lezithuthi ezithunyelwa ngaphandle nezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Bekukho iingxelo zeendaba zakwangoko ukuba ayihambelani nojongano lwelizwe lokutshaja. Abanini bemoto banokuhlawulisa kuphela kwiimfumba ezikhethekileyo zokutshaja. Ukuba bafuna ukusebenzisa iimfumba zokutshaja ezisemgangathweni kazwelonke, bafuna iadaptha ekhethekileyo. (Umhleli akazange akwazi ukuzibamba kodwa acinge ngezinye izixhobo zombane ezazisetyenziswa ekhaya xa ndandisengumntwana. Kwakhona kwakukho isiguquli kwisokethi. Iinguqulelo zaseYurophu nezaseMerika zaziyingxubakaxaka. Ukuba ndikhe ndalibala ngenye imini, umahluli wesiphaluka unokukhubeka .

Ukongeza, imigangatho yokutshaja yaseTshayina yaqulunqwa kwangethuba kakhulu (mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba akukho mntu wayelindele ukuba izithuthi zamandla amatsha zingaphuhla ngokukhawuleza kangaka), amandla okutshaja asemgangathweni wesizwe abekwe kwinqanaba lolondolozo kakhulu - amandla ombane aphezulu yi-950v, ubuninzi bangoku obungama-250A, nto leyo ephumela ekubeni amandla ayo aphakamileyo angqingqwa anqunyelwe ngaphantsi kwe-250kW. Ngokwahlukileyo, umgangatho we-NACS olawulwa nguTesla kwimarike yaseMntla Melika ayinayo iplagi encinci yokutshaja kuphela, kodwa idibanisa i-DC/AC yokutshaja, kunye nesantya sokutshaja ukuya kuthi ga kwi-350kW.

Nangona kunjalo, njengomdlali ohamba phambili kwizithuthi zamandla amatsha, ukwenzela ukuvumela imigangatho yaseTshayina ukuba "ihambe kwihlabathi", i-China, iJapan kunye neJamani ziye zadala ngokudibeneyo umgangatho omtsha wokutshaja "i-ChaoJi". Ngo-2020, i-CHAdeMO yaseJapan yakhupha umgangatho we-CHAdeMO3.0 kwaye yabhengeza ukwamkelwa kwe-interface ye-ChaoJi. Ukongezelela, i-IEC (iKomishoni ye-Electrotechnical International) nayo yamkele isisombululo se-ChaoJi.

Ngokuhambelana nesantya sangoku, i-interface ye-ChaoJi kunye ne-Tesla NACS interface inokujongana nentloko-intloko kwixesha elizayo, kwaye enye kuphela inokuthi ekugqibeleni ibe "i-interface ye-Type-C" kwintsimi yezithuthi zamandla amatsha. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ziya zisanda iinkampani zeemoto zikhetha indlela "yokujoyina ukuba awukwazi ukuyoyisa", ukuthandwa kwangoku kwe-Tesla's NACS interface kugqithise kakhulu oko bekulindelwe ngabantu. Mhlawumbi alikho ixesha elininzi eliseleyo le-ChaoJi?