Kodi Tesla NACS idzagwirizanitsa malo olumikizirana a North America?

Kodi Tesla igwirizanitsa malo olumikizirana magetsi aku North America?

M'masiku ochepa chabe, miyezo ya mawonekedwe ochapira ku North America yasintha kwambiri.
Pa Meyi 23, 2023, Ford mwadzidzidzi idalengeza kuti ilowa mokwanira m'malo ochapira a Tesla ndipo choyamba idzatumiza ma adapter kuti alumikizane ndi zolumikizira za Tesla zochapira kwa eni ake a Ford kuyambira chaka chamawa, kenako mtsogolo. Magalimoto amagetsi a Ford adzagwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji mawonekedwe a Tesla ochapira, zomwe zimachotsa kufunikira kwa ma adapter ndipo zitha kugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji ma netiweki onse ochapira a Tesla ku United States konse.

Patatha milungu iwiri, pa June 8, 2023, CEO wa General Motors Barra ndi Musk adalengeza pamsonkhano wa Twitter Spaces kuti General Motors idzagwiritsa ntchito muyezo wa Tesla, muyezo wa NACS (Tesla amatcha mawonekedwe ake ochapira North American Charging Standard (NACS mwachidule), mofanana ndi Ford, GM idakhazikitsanso kusintha kwa mawonekedwe ochapira awa m'magawo awiri. Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2024, ma adapter adzaperekedwa kwa eni magalimoto amagetsi a GM omwe alipo, kenako kuyambira mu 2025, magalimoto atsopano amagetsi a GM adzakhala ndi mawonekedwe ochapira a NACS mwachindunji pagalimotoyo.

Izi zitha kunenedwa kuti ndi vuto lalikulu pa miyezo ina yolumikizirana ndi ma charging (makamaka CCS) yomwe yakhala ikupezeka pamsika waku North America. Ngakhale makampani atatu okha a magalimoto, Tesla, Ford ndi General Motors, ndi omwe adalowa mu NACS interface standard, poganizira kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi ndi msika wolumikizirana ndi ma charging ku United States mu 2022, ndi anthu ochepa omwe ali pamsika waukulu: awa 3 Kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi kwa makampaniwa kumawerengera zoposa 60% ya malonda a magalimoto amagetsi aku US, ndipo charging ya Tesla ya NACS yofulumira imawerengeranso pafupifupi 60% ya msika waku US.

2. Nkhondo yapadziko lonse lapansi yokhudza malo olumikizirana
Kuwonjezera pa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto oyendera, kusavuta ndi liwiro la kuyatsa magalimoto ndi vuto lalikulu pakufalikira kwa magalimoto amagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonjezera pa ukadaulo womwewo, kusagwirizana kwa miyezo yoyatsira magalimoto pakati pa mayiko ndi madera kumapangitsanso kuti chitukuko cha makampani ochapira magalimoto chikhale chocheperako komanso chokwera mtengo.
Pakadali pano pali miyezo isanu yayikulu yolumikizirana ndi chaji padziko lonse lapansi: CCS1 (CCS=Combined Charging System) ku North America, CCS2 ku Europe, GB/T ku China, CHAdeMO ku Japan, ndi NACS yodzipereka ku Tesla.

Pakati pawo, Tesla yokha ndi yomwe nthawi zonse imaphatikiza ma AC ndi DC, pomwe ena ali ndi ma interface osiyana a AC (AC) charging ndi ma interface a DC (DC) charging.
Ku North America, miyezo ya CCS1 ndi Tesla yochaja NACS ndiyo ikuluikulu pakadali pano. Izi zisanachitike, panali mpikisano waukulu kwambiri pakati pa CCS1 ndi muyezo wa CHAdeMO waku Japan. Komabe, chifukwa cha kugwa kwa makampani aku Japan pa njira yamagetsi yoyera m'zaka zaposachedwa, makamaka kuchepa kwa Nissan Leaf, yemwe kale anali katswiri wogulitsa magetsi oyera ku North America, mitundu yotsatira yasintha Ariya kukhala CCS1, ndipo CHAdeMO idagonjetsedwa ku North America.
Makampani akuluakulu angapo a magalimoto ku Ulaya asankha muyezo wa CCS2. China ili ndi muyezo wake woyatsira magalimoto wa GB/T (pakali pano ikutsatsa muyezo woyatsira magalimoto wa ChaoJi wa m'badwo wotsatira), pomwe Japan ikugwiritsabe ntchito CHAdeMO.
Muyezo wa CCS umachokera ku muyezo wa DC fast combined charging system combo kutengera muyezo wa SAE wa Society of Automotive Engineers ndi muyezo wa ACEA wa European Automotive Industry Association. "Fast Charging Association" idakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo pa Msonkhano wa 26 wa Magalimoto Amagetsi Padziko Lonse ku Los Angeles, USA mu 2012. M'chaka chomwecho, makampani akuluakulu asanu ndi atatu a magalimoto aku America ndi Germany kuphatikiza Ford, General Motors, Volkswagen, Audi, BMW, Daimler, Porsche ndi Chrysler adakhazikitsa muyezo wogwirizana wamagetsi wochapira mwachangu adatulutsa chikalata ndipo pambuyo pake adalengeza kukwezedwa kwa muyezo wa CCS. Udazindikirika mwachangu ndi mabungwe ogulitsa magalimoto aku America ndi Germany.
Poyerekeza ndi CCS1, ubwino wa Tesla's NACS ndi: (1) wopepuka kwambiri, pulagi yaying'ono imatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za kuyatsa pang'onopang'ono komanso kuyatsa mwachangu, pomwe CCS1 ndi CHAdeMO ndi zazikulu kwambiri; (2) magalimoto onse a NACS amathandizira njira yopezera deta yolipirira kulipira. Aliyense amene amayendetsa galimoto yamagetsi pamsewu waukulu ayenera kudziwa izi. Kuti muyatse, mungafunike kutsitsa mapulogalamu angapo kenako ndikusanthula QR code kuti mulipire. N'zovuta kwambiri. Zovuta. Ngati mutha kuyimitsa ndikusewera ndikulipira, zomwe zikuchitika zidzakhala bwino kwambiri. Ntchitoyi pakadali pano ikuthandizidwa ndi mitundu ingapo ya CCS. (3) Kapangidwe ka netiweki yayikulu ya Tesla yochaja imapatsa eni magalimoto mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto awo mosavuta. Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti poyerekeza ndi milu ina ya kuyatsa ya CCS1, kudalirika kwa milu ya kuyatsa ya Tesla ndikokwera ndipo zomwe zikuchitika zimakhala bwino.

Kuyerekeza muyezo wolipirira wa Tesla NACS ndi muyezo wolipirira wa CCS1
Uku ndiye kusiyana kwa kuyitanitsa mwachangu. Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito aku North America omwe akufuna kungoyitanitsa pang'onopang'ono, muyezo woyitanitsa wa J1772 umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ma Tesla onse amabwera ndi adaputala yosavuta yomwe imawalola kugwiritsa ntchito J1772. Eni ake a Tesla amakonda kuyika ma charger a NACS kunyumba, omwe ndi otsika mtengo.
M'malo ena opezeka anthu ambiri, monga mahotela, Tesla idzagawa ma charger ochedwa a NACS kumahotela; ngati Tesla NACS ikhala muyezo, ndiye kuti J1772 yomwe ilipo idzakhala ndi adaputala yosinthira kukhala NACS.
3. Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri a Standard VS
Mosiyana ndi China, yomwe ili ndi zofunikira za muyezo wadziko lonse, ngakhale CCS1 ndiye muyezo wolipirira ku North America, chifukwa cha kumangidwa koyambirira komanso kuchuluka kwa maukonde olipirira a Tesla, izi zapanga mkhalidwe wosangalatsa kwambiri ku North America, ndiko kuti: ambiri Muyezo wa CCS1 wothandizidwa ndi mabizinesi (pafupifupi makampani onse kupatula Tesla) kwenikweni ndi ochepa; m'malo mwa mawonekedwe wamba a Tesla olipirira, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri.
Vuto ndi kukwezedwa kwa mawonekedwe a Tesla ochaja ndikuti si muyezo woperekedwa kapena wovomerezeka ndi bungwe lililonse la miyezo, chifukwa kuti likhale muyezo, liyenera kudutsa njira zoyenera za bungwe lopanga miyezo. Ndi yankho la Tesla lokha, ndipo makamaka lili ku North America (ndi misika ina monga Japan ndi South Korea).
M'mbuyomu, Tesla idalengeza kuti ipereka chilolezo ku ma patent ake "kwaulere" koma ndi zinthu zina zomwe zili mkati mwake, zomwe ochepa adavomereza. Tsopano popeza Tesla yatsegula ukadaulo wake wochapira ndi zinthu zake, anthu amatha kuzigwiritsa ntchito popanda chilolezo cha kampaniyo. Kumbali ina, malinga ndi ziwerengero zamsika waku North America, mtengo womanga wa Tesla wochapira/malo oimika magalimoto ndi pafupifupi 1/5 ya muyezo, zomwe zimapatsa mwayi wokwera mtengo kwambiri potsatsa. Nthawi yomweyo, pa 9 Juni, 2023, ndiko kuti, Ford ndi General Motors atalowa nawo Tesla NACS, White House idatulutsa nkhani yoti NACS ya Tesla ikhozanso kulandira ndalama zothandizira kutchapira magalimoto kuchokera ku boma la Biden. Tesla isanakwane, sinali yoyenera.
Kusamuka kumeneku kwa makampani aku America ndi boma kukuoneka ngati kuyika makampani aku Europe pamalo amodzi. Ngati muyezo wa Tesla wa NACS ungaphatikize msika waku North America, ndiye kuti miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi yolipiritsa idzapanga mkhalidwe watsopano wa magawo atatu: GB/T yaku China, CCS2 yaku Europe, ndi Tesla NACS.

Posachedwapa, Nissan yalengeza mgwirizano ndi Tesla kuti igwiritse ntchito North American Charging Standard (NACS) kuyambira mu 2025, cholinga chake ndi kupatsa eni ake a Nissan njira zambiri zolipirira magalimoto awo amagetsi. M'miyezi iwiri yokha, opanga magalimoto asanu ndi awiri, kuphatikizapo Volkswagen, Ford, General Motors, Rivian, Volvo, Polestar, ndi Mercedes-Benz, alengeza mgwirizano wolipirira ndi Tesla. Kuphatikiza apo, mkati mwa tsiku limodzi, ogwira ntchito anayi ochokera kunja omwe amalipirira maukonde ndi opereka chithandizo adalengeza nthawi yomweyo kuti agwiritsa ntchito muyezo wa Tesla NACS. $New Energy Vehicle Leading ETF(SZ159637)$

Tesla ili ndi kuthekera kogwirizanitsa miyezo yolipirira m'misika ya ku Europe ndi America.

Pakadali pano pali magulu anayi a miyezo yoyendetsera ma charging pamsika, omwe ndi: muyezo wa CHAdeMo waku Japan, muyezo wa Chinese GB/T, muyezo wa CCS1/2 waku Europe ndi America, ndi muyezo wa Tesla wa NACS. Monga momwe mphepo zimasiyanirana kuchokera pa mtunda wina kupita wina ndipo miyambo imasiyana kuchokera pa mtunda wina kupita wina, miyezo yosiyana ya ma charging protocol ndi imodzi mwa "zopinga" pakukula kwa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu padziko lonse lapansi.

Monga tonse tikudziwira, dola yaku US ndi ndalama yodziwika padziko lonse lapansi, kotero ndi "yovuta kwambiri". Chifukwa cha izi, Musk wapezanso masewera akuluakulu pofuna kulamulira muyezo wapadziko lonse wolipirira. Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2022, Tesla idalengeza kuti idzatsegula muyezo wa NACS, kuwulula patent yake yolumikizira cholumikizira, ndikuyitanitsa makampani ena amagalimoto kuti agwiritse ntchito mawonekedwe a NACS olipirira magalimoto opangidwa ndi anthu ambiri. Pambuyo pake, Tesla idalengeza kutsegulidwa kwa netiweki ya supercharging. Tesla ili ndi netiweki yotsogola yolipirira mwachangu ku United States, kuphatikiza malo okwana 1,600 olipirira supercharging ndi milu yopitilira 17,000 ya supercharging. Kulowa mu netiweki ya supercharging ya Tesla kumatha kusunga ndalama zambiri popanga netiweki yolipirira yokha. Pakadali pano, Tesla yatsegula netiweki yake yolipirira magalimoto ena m'maiko ndi madera 18.

Zachidziwikire, Musk sadzasiya China, msika waukulu kwambiri wa magalimoto atsopano padziko lonse lapansi. Mu Epulo chaka chino, Tesla idalengeza kutsegulidwa koyeserera kwa netiweki yochapira ku China. Gulu loyamba la malo otsegulira oyendetsa magalimoto 10 ochapira kwambiri ndi la mitundu 37 yosakhala ya Tesla, yomwe ikuphatikiza mitundu yotchuka kwambiri pansi pa mitundu monga BYD ndi "Wei Xiaoli". Mtsogolomu, netiweki yochapira magalimoto ya Tesla idzayikidwa pamalo akulu ndipo ntchito zosiyanasiyana za mitundu ndi mitundu zidzakulitsidwa mosalekeza.

Mu theka loyamba la chaka chino, dziko langa linatumiza kunja magalimoto atsopano okwana 534,000, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa nthawi 1.6, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti likhale dziko loyamba padziko lonse lapansi pankhani yogulitsa magalimoto atsopano otumiza kunja. Mumsika waku China, mfundo zokhudzana ndi mphamvu zatsopano zapakhomo zinapangidwa kale ndipo makampaniwa adapangidwa kale. Muyezo wadziko lonse wa GB/T 2015 wochaja wagwirizanitsidwa ngati muyezo. Komabe, kusagwirizana kwa mawonekedwe a chaji kumawonekerabe pamagalimoto ambiri ochokera kunja ndi ochokera kunja. Panali malipoti oyambirira akuti sizikugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a chaji adziko lonse. Eni magalimoto amatha kungochaja pa ma pile apadera okha. Ngati akufunika kugwiritsa ntchito ma pile a chaji adziko lonse, amafunikira adaputala yapadera. (Mkonzi sakanatha kuletsa kuganiza za zida zina zochokera kunja zomwe zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba ndili mwana. Panalinso chosinthira pa soketi. Mabaibulo aku Europe ndi America anali osokonezeka. Ndikaiwala tsiku lina, chotsegula ma circuit chingagwe.

Kuphatikiza apo, miyezo yolipirira ya ku China idapangidwa molawirira kwambiri (mwina chifukwa palibe amene ankayembekezera kuti magalimoto atsopano amphamvu angakule mwachangu chonchi), mphamvu yolipirira ya dziko lonse imayikidwa pamlingo wokhazikika - mphamvu yayikulu yamagetsi ndi 950v, mphamvu yayikulu yamagetsi ndi 250A, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yake yayikulu ikhale yochepa kuposa 250kW. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, muyezo wa NACS womwe Tesla imayang'anira pamsika wa North America sumangokhala ndi pulagi yaying'ono yolipirira, komanso umaphatikiza DC/AC charging, ndi liwiro lolipirira mpaka 350kW.

Komabe, monga mtsogoleri pa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, kuti miyezo ya ku China "ifike padziko lonse lapansi", China, Japan ndi Germany apanga mogwirizana muyezo watsopano wochapira "ChaoJi". Mu 2020, CHAdeMO yaku Japan idatulutsa muyezo wa CHAdeMO3.0 ndikulengeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa mawonekedwe a ChaoJi. Kuphatikiza apo, IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) yagwiritsanso ntchito yankho la ChaoJi.

Malinga ndi liwiro lomwe lilipo panopa, mawonekedwe a ChaoJi ndi mawonekedwe a Tesla NACS angakumane ndi mkangano wokhudza maso ndi maso mtsogolo, ndipo imodzi yokha mwa izo ikhoza kukhala "mawonekedwe a Type-C" m'munda wa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu. Komabe, pamene makampani ambiri amasankha njira ya "join ngati simungathe kuigonjetsa", kutchuka kwa mawonekedwe a Tesla a NACS kwapitirira zomwe anthu amayembekezera. Mwina palibe nthawi yokwanira yotsala ya ChaoJi?