Ese Tesla NACS izahuza uburyo bwo gushyushya ibikoresho byo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru?

Ese Tesla izahuza uburyo bwo gushyushya ibikoresho byo muri Amerika ya Ruguru?

Mu minsi mike gusa, amahame agenga uburyo bwo gushyushya amashanyarazi muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru yahindutse cyane.
Ku ya 23 Gicurasi 2023, Ford yatangaje mu buryo butunguranye ko izagera ku bigo bya Tesla byo gusharija, kandi ko izabanza kohereza adaptateri zo guhuza na Tesla charger connectors kuri ba nyiri Ford basanzwe guhera umwaka utaha, hanyuma mu gihe kizaza. Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi za Ford zizakoresha Tesla charger interface, ibyo bigatuma adaptateri zidakenerwa kandi zishobora gukoresha imiyoboro yose ya Tesla charger muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Nyuma y'ibyumweru bibiri, ku ya 8 Kamena 2023, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa General Motors, Barra na Musk, batangaje mu nama ya Twitter Spaces ko General Motors izemera amahame ya Tesla, ari yo NACS (Tesla yita uburyo bwo gushyushya imodoka mu majyaruguru y'Amerika (NACS mu magambo ahinnye), kimwe na Ford, GM nayo yashyize mu bikorwa impinduka z'ubu buryo bwo gushyushya imodoka mu ntambwe ebyiri. Guhera mu ntangiriro za 2024, adaptateri zizahabwa ba nyir'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi za GM, hanyuma guhera muri 2025, imodoka nshya zikoresha amashanyarazi za GM zizaba zifite uburyo bwo gushyushya imodoka bwa NACS.

Ibi bishobora kuvugwa ko ari igihombo gikomeye ku zindi nzego zigenga imiyoboro yo gushyushya (cyane cyane CCS) zari ku isoko rya Amerika y'Amajyaruguru. Nubwo ibigo bitatu by'imodoka, Tesla, Ford na General Motors, byinjiye muri gahunda ya NACS, ukurikije ingano y'ibicuruzwa by'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi n'isoko ry'imiyoboro yo gushyushya muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 2022, ni umubare muto w'abantu binjira mu isoko rinini: ibi 3. Ibicuruzwa by'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi by'izi sosiyete bigira arenga 60% by'ibicuruzwa by'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi muri Amerika, naho Tesla ya NACS yo gushyushya vuba nayo ikagira hafi 60% by'isoko rya Amerika.

2. Intambara ku isi yose ku bijyanye no gushyushya imiyoboro
Uretse kuba imbogamizi zo gushyushya imodoka, koroshya no kwihuta mu gushyushya imodoka nabyo ni imbogamizi ikomeye ku gukurura imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. Byongeye kandi, uretse ikoranabuhanga ubwaryo, kuba ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gushyushya imodoka hagati y’ibihugu n’uturere bitera iterambere ry’inganda zishyushya imodoka buhoro kandi zigahenda.
Kuri ubu hari amahame atanu y’ingenzi yo gushyushya ku isi: CCS1 (CCS=Combined Charging System) muri Amerika ya Ruguru, CCS2 mu Burayi, GB/T mu Bushinwa, CHAdeMO mu Buyapani, na NACS yagenewe Tesla.

Muri zo, Tesla yonyine ni yo yahoraga ihuza AC na DC, mu gihe izindi zifite aho zihurira na AC (AC) na DC (DC) zo gusarija.
Muri Amerika ya Ruguru, amabwiriza yo gushyushya ya CCS1 na Tesla ya NACS ni yo akomeye kuri ubu. Mbere y'ibi, hari irushanwa rikomeye cyane hagati ya CCS1 n'amahame yo mu Buyapani ya CHAdeMO. Ariko, nyuma y'isenyuka ry'ibigo by'Abayapani ku nzira y'amashanyarazi mu myaka ya vuba aha, cyane cyane igabanuka rya Nissan Leaf, yari umukinnyi wa mbere mu kugurisha amashanyarazi mu buryo busanzwe muri Amerika ya Ruguru, moderi zakurikiyeho zahinduye Ariya zijya kuri CCS1, maze CHAdeMO itsindwa muri Amerika ya Ruguru.
Amasosiyete menshi akomeye y’imodoka yo mu Burayi yahisemo uburyo bwa CCS2. Ubushinwa bufite uburyo bwabwo bwite bwo gushyushya imodoka bwa GB/T (ubu butangaza uburyo bwa ChaoJi bwo gushyushya imodoka mu gihe kizaza), mu gihe Ubuyapani bugikoresha CHAdeMO.
Amabwiriza ya CCS akomoka ku mabwiriza ya DC yo gushyushya vuba ashingiye ku mabwiriza ya SAE y’Umuryango w’Abahanga mu by’Imodoka n’ay’Ishyirahamwe ry’Inganda z’Imodoka ry’i Burayi rishinzwe Gushyushya vuba. “Ishyirahamwe ry’Imodoka ryihuse” ryashinzwe ku mugaragaro mu nama ya 26 ku Isi y’Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi yabereye i Los Angeles, muri Amerika mu 2012. Muri uwo mwaka, amasosiyete umunani akomeye y’imodoka yo muri Amerika n’iy’Abadage arimo Ford, General Motors, Volkswagen, Audi, BMW, Daimler, Porsche na Chrysler yashyizeho amabwiriza ahuriweho yo gushyushya vuba imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi yasohoye itangazo nyuma aza gutangaza ko ihuriweho rya CCS. Ryemejwe vuba n’amashyirahamwe y’inganda z’imodoka zo muri Amerika n’Ubudage.
Ugereranyije na CCS1, ibyiza bya NACS ya Tesla ni ibi bikurikira: (1) yoroheje cyane, plaque nto ishobora guhaza ibyifuzo byo gusharija buhoro no gusharija vuba, mu gihe CCS1 na CHAdeMO ari binini cyane; (2) imodoka zose za NACS zose zishyigikira protocole y'amakuru yo gucunga fagitire. Umuntu wese utwara imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi ku muhanda agomba kubimenya. Kugira ngo usharije, ushobora gukuramo porogaramu nyinshi hanyuma ugashakisha kode ya QR kugira ngo wishyure. Biragoye cyane. Bigoye. Niba ushobora gusharija no gukina no gutanga fagitire, uburambe buzarushaho kuba bwiza. Ubu buryo bushyigikiwe n'ubwoko bwa CCS bumwe na bumwe. (3) Imiterere minini ya Tesla yo gusharija ituma ba nyir'imodoka boroherwa cyane mu gukoresha imodoka zabo. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni uko ugereranije n'izindi piles za CCS1 zo gusharija, ubwizerwe bwa piles za Tesla zo gusharija buri hejuru kandi uburambe bukaba bwiza kurushaho.

Kugereranya igipimo ngenderwaho cyo gusharija cya Tesla NACS n'igipimo ngenderwaho cyo gusharija cya CCS1
Iri ni ryo tandukaniro mu gusharija vuba. Ku bakoresha bo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru bashaka gusa gusharija buhoro, hakoreshwa uburyo bwo gusharija bwa J1772. Tesla zose ziza zifite adaptateri yoroshye ibemerera gukoresha J1772. Ba nyiri Tesla bakunda gushyiramo charger za NACS mu rugo, kandi zihendutse.
Ku hantu hahurira abantu benshi, nko mu mahoteli, Tesla izakwirakwiza chargers za NACS mu mahoteli; niba Tesla NACS ibaye isanzwe, J1772 isanzwe izaba ifite adaptateri yo kuyihindura NACS.
3. Abakoresha benshi basanzwe ba VS
Bitandukanye n'Ubushinwa, bufite ibisabwa mu rwego rw'igihugu, nubwo CCS1 ari yo ikoreshwa mu gushyushya muri Amerika ya Ruguru, bitewe n'iyubakwa rya mbere n'umubare munini w'imiyoboro ya Tesla yo gushyushya, ibi byateje ibintu bishimishije cyane muri Amerika ya Ruguru, ni ukuvuga: byinshi Ihame rya CCS1 rishyigikiwe n'ibigo (hafi ya ibigo byose usibye Tesla) mu by'ukuri ni bike; aho gukoresha uburyo busanzwe bwo gushyushya Tesla, mu by'ukuri rikoreshwa n'abakoresha benshi.
Ikibazo kiri mu kwamamaza uburyo Tesla ikoresha charger interface ni uko atari ubuziranenge butangwa cyangwa bwemewe n'ikigo icyo ari cyo cyose gishinzwe ubuziranenge, kuko kugira ngo ibe ubuziranenge, igomba kunyura mu nzira zijyanye n'ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubuziranenge. Ni igisubizo cya Tesla ubwayo, kandi ahanini kiri muri Amerika ya Ruguru (no mu masoko amwe nka Ubuyapani na Koreya y'Epfo).
Mbere yaho, Tesla yatangaje ko izatanga uburenganzira ku ruhushya rwa patenti zayo "ku buntu" ariko hamwe n'amabwiriza amwe n'amwe, igiciro bake bafashe. Ubu Tesla imaze gufungura ikoranabuhanga ryayo ryo gushyushya n'ibicuruzwa byayo, abantu bashobora kuyikoresha nta ruhushya rw'ikigo. Ku rundi ruhande, nk'uko imibare y'isoko ryo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru ibivuga, ikiguzi cya Tesla cyo gushyushya ibyuma/sitasiyo ni hafi 1/5 cy'ibisanzwe, ibi bikaba biyiha inyungu nyinshi mu gihe cyo kwamamaza. Muri icyo gihe, ku ya 9 Kamena 2023, ni ukuvuga nyuma y'uko Ford na General Motors binjiriye muri Tesla NACS, White House yasohoye inkuru ivuga ko NACS ya Tesla ishobora no guhabwa inkunga yo gushyushya ibyuma bivuye ku buyobozi bwa Biden. Mbere y'ibyo, Tesla ntiyari yujuje ibisabwa.
Iyi ntambwe y’amasosiyete yo muri Amerika na guverinoma isa nkaho ishyira amasosiyete yo mu Burayi ku murongo umwe. Niba amahame ya Tesla ya NACS ashobora guhuza isoko rya Amerika ya Ruguru, amabwiriza mpuzamahanga yo kwishyuza azaba ari kimwe mu bice bitatu: GB/T yo mu Bushinwa, CCS2 yo mu Burayi, na Tesla NACS.

Vuba aha, Nissan yatangaje amasezerano na Tesla yo gukoresha uburyo bwo gushyushya imodoka bwa North America (NACS) guhera mu 2025, hagamijwe guha ba nyiri Nissan amahitamo menshi yo gushyushya imodoka zabo zikoresha amashanyarazi. Mu mezi abiri gusa, inganda ndwi zikora imodoka, zirimo Volkswagen, Ford, General Motors, Rivian, Volvo, Polestar, na Mercedes-Benz, zatangaje amasezerano yo gushyushya imodoka na Tesla. Byongeye kandi, mu munsi umwe, abayobozi bane b’imiyoboro yo mu mahanga yo gushyushya imodoka n’abatanga serivisi icyarimwe batangaje ko bashyizeho uburyo bwo gushyushya imodoka bwa Tesla NACS. $New Energy Vehicle Leading ETF (SZ159637)$

Tesla ifite ubushobozi bwo guhuza amahame agenga gusharija ku masoko y'i Burayi n'Amerika.

Ku isoko ubu hari ibipimo 4 by’ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gushyushya ku isoko, ari byo: ibipimo ngenderwaho bya CHAdeMo byo mu Buyapani, ibipimo ngenderwaho bya GB/T byo mu Bushinwa, ibipimo ngenderwaho bya CCS1/2 byo mu Burayi no muri Amerika, hamwe n’ibipimo ngenderwaho bya Tesla bya NACS. Nk’uko imiyaga itandukana kuva kuri kilometero imwe kugeza kuri kilometero imwe n’ibipimo ngenderwaho bitandukanye kuva kuri kilometero imwe kugeza kuri kilometero imwe, ibipimo ngenderwaho bitandukanye byo gushyushya ni kimwe mu "bintu bibangamira" iterambere ry’ibinyabiziga bishya bikoresha ingufu ku isi.

Nkuko twese tubizi, idolari rya Amerika ni ryo faranga rikuru ku isi, bityo "riragoye cyane". Kubera iyo mpamvu, Musk yanagize umukino ukomeye mu rwego rwo kwigarurira amahame mpuzamahanga yo gushyushya. Mu mpera za 2022, Tesla yatangaje ko izafungura amahame ya NACS, ishyire ahagaragara patenti yayo yo gushushanya icyuma gihuza amashanyarazi, kandi itumire andi masosiyete y'imodoka gukoresha uburyo bwa NACS bwo gushyushya imodoka mu modoka zikorerwamo byinshi. Nyuma yaho, Tesla yatangaje ko ifunguye umuyoboro wa supercharging. Tesla ifite umuyoboro wa mbere wo gushyushya vuba muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, harimo sitasiyo zigera ku 1.600 zo gushyushya imodoka n'imizigo irenga 17.000 yo gushyushya imodoka. Kubona umuyoboro wa supercharging wa Tesla bishobora kuzigama amafaranga menshi mu kubaka umuyoboro wo gushyushya wiyubakiye. Kugeza ubu, Tesla yafunguye umuyoboro wayo wo gushyushya imodoka ku zindi modoka mu bihugu 18 n'uturere.

Birumvikana ko Musk atazarekura Ubushinwa, isoko rikomeye ry’ibinyabiziga bishya ku isi bikoresha ingufu. Muri Mata uyu mwaka, Tesla yatangaje ko igiye gufungura igerageza ry’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa. Itsinda rya mbere ry’imiyoboro 10 ikoresha ingufu nyinshi ni iry’imiyoboro 37 itari iya Tesla, ikubiyemo imiyoboro myinshi ikunzwe cyane munsi y’ibirango nka BYD na "Wei Xiaoli". Mu gihe kizaza, umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi wa Tesla uzashyirwa ahantu hanini kandi serivisi ku birango bitandukanye n’imiyoboro zizakomeza kwaguka.

Mu gice cya mbere cy'uyu mwaka, igihugu cyanjye cyohereje mu mahanga imodoka nshya 534.000 zikoresha ingufu, ubwiyongere bw'inshuro 1.6, bituma kiba igihugu cya mbere ku isi mu bijyanye no kohereza imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu. Ku isoko ry'Ubushinwa, politiki nshya zijyanye n'ingufu mu gihugu zashyizweho mbere kandi inganda zarakozwe mbere. Igipimo ngenderwaho cya GB/T 2015 cyo mu gihugu cyo gushyushya cyahujwe nk'igipimo ngenderwaho. Ariko, kudahuza neza n'uburyo bwo gushyushya biracyagaragara ku modoka nyinshi zitumizwa n'izoherezwa mu mahanga. Hari amakuru ya mbere yavugaga ko bidahuye n'uburyo bwo gushyushya busanzwe bw'igihugu. Ba nyir'imodoka bashobora gushyushya gusa ku bikoresho byihariye byo gushyushya. Niba bakeneye gukoresha ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gushyushya mu gihugu, bakeneye adaptateri yihariye. (Umwanditsi ntiyashoboraga kwirengagiza gutekereza ku bikoresho bimwe na bimwe byinjijwe mu mahanga byakoreshwaga mu rugo nkiri umwana. Hari kandi na converter ku gikoresho. Imodoka zo mu Burayi no muri Amerika zari akajagari. Iyo nibagirwa umunsi umwe, icyuma gihagarika amashanyarazi gishobora kugwa.

Byongeye kandi, amahame ngenderwaho yo gushyushya mu Bushinwa yashyizweho kare cyane (wenda kubera ko nta muntu wari witeze ko imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu zishobora gutera imbere vuba cyane), ingufu ngenderwaho zo gushyushya mu gihugu zishyirwa ku rwego rwo kwirinda impanuka - ingufu ntarengwa ni 950v, ingufu ntarengwa za 250A, bigatuma imbaraga zayo zo hejuru zigarukira munsi ya 250kW. Mu buryo bunyuranye, amahame ngenderwaho ya NACS yiganjemo Tesla ku isoko rya Amerika y'Amajyaruguru ntabwo ifite gusa plug nto yo gushyushya, ahubwo inahuza DC/AC charger, hamwe n'umuvuduko wo gushyushya ungana na 350kW.

Ariko, nk'ikipe ikomeye mu binyabiziga bishya bikoresha ingufu, kugira ngo amahame y'Ubushinwa "agere ku rwego mpuzamahanga", Ubushinwa, Ubuyapani n'Ubudage byashyize hamwe uburyo bushya bwo gushyushya "ChaoJi". Mu 2020, CHAdeMO y'Ubuyapani yasohoye amahame ya CHAdeMO3.0 inatangaza ko ikoresheje uburyo bwa ChaoJi. Byongeye kandi, IEC (Komisiyo Mpuzamahanga ya Electrotechnical) nayo yashyizeho uburyo bwa ChaoJi.

Dukurikije umuvuduko uriho ubu, uburyo bwo guhuza ChaoJi na Tesla NACS bishobora guhura n’ibibazo bikomeye mu gihe kizaza, kandi kimwe muri byo ni cyo gishobora kuba "uburyo bwo guhuza Type-C" mu bijyanye n’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu. Ariko, uko amasosiyete menshi y’imodoka ahitamo inzira yo "kwinjira niba udashobora kubitsinda", uburyo bwo guhuza Tesla NACS bwakunzwe cyane burenze ibyo abantu bari biteze. Wenda nta gihe kinini gisigaye kuri ChaoJi?