Ka whakakotahi a Tesla NACS i ngā atanga utu o Amerika Te Raki?

Ka whakakotahi a Tesla i ngā atanga utu o Amerika Te Raki?

I roto noa i ngā rā torutoru, kua tata te huri o ngā paerewa atanga utu o Amerika Te Raki.
I te 23 o Mei, 2023, i panuitia ohoreretia e Ford ka uru katoa atu rātou ki ngā teihana utu a Tesla, ā, ka tukuna tuatahitia ngā urutau hei hono atu ki ngā hononga utu a Tesla ki ngā kaipupuri Ford o nāianei mai i te tau e tū mai nei, ā, i te tau kei te heke mai. Ka whakamahia tika e ngā waka hiko a Ford te atanga utu a Tesla, ka kore e hiahiatia he urutau, ā, ka taea te whakamahi tika i ngā whatunga utu a Tesla katoa puta noa i te Hononga o Amerika.

I ngā wiki e rua i muri mai, i te 8 o Hune, 2023, i panuitia e te Tumu Whakarae o General Motors, a Barra rāua ko Musk, i tētahi huihuinga Twitter Spaces ka tangohia e General Motors te paerewa a Tesla, te paerewa NACS (e kiia ana e Tesla ko te North American Charging Standard (NACS te poto), he rite ki a Ford, i whakatinanahia hoki e GM te whakawhiti o tēnei atanga utu i roto i ngā taahiraa e rua. Mai i te tīmatanga o te tau 2024, ka whakaratohia ngā urutau ki ngā kaipupuri waka hiko o GM, ā, mai i te tau 2025, ka whakauruhia ngā waka hiko hou a GM ki ngā atanga utu NACS tika tonu i runga i te waka.

Ka taea te kī he whiu nui tēnei ki ētahi atu paerewa atanga utu (ko te nuinga ko ngā CCS) kua noho ki te mākete o Amerika Te Raki. Ahakoa e toru noa iho ngā kamupene waka, arā, ko Tesla, ko Ford me General Motors, kua uru atu ki te paerewa atanga NACS, i runga i te nui o ngā hoko o ngā waka hiko me te mākete atanga utu i te United States i te tau 2022, he tokoiti noa iho te hunga e noho ana i te nuinga o te mākete: ko ēnei 3 Ko ngā hoko waka hiko o ēnei kamupene e neke atu i te 60% o ngā hoko waka hiko o US, ā, ko te utu tere NACS a Tesla e tata ana ki te 60% o te mākete o US.

2. Pakanga ā-ao mō ngā atanga utu
Haunga te whakawhāititanga o te tawhiti e taea ai te rere, ko te ngāwari me te tere o te utu he arai nui ki te rongonuitanga o ngā waka hiko. Haunga te hangarau tonu, ko te koretake o ngā paerewa utu i waenga i ngā whenua me ngā rohe ka whakaroa, ka utu nui hoki te whanaketanga o te umanga utu.
E rima ngā paerewa matua o te ao mō te utu hiko: CCS1 (CCS=Pūnaha Utu Whakakotahi) i Amerika Te Raki, CCS2 i Ūropi, GB/T i Haina, CHAdeMO i Hapani, me NACS i whakatapua ki a Tesla.

I roto i ēnei, ko Tesla anake kua whakauruhia te AC me te DC, ko ētahi atu he atanga utu AC (AC) motuhake me ngā atanga utu DC (DC) motuhake.
I Amerika Te Raki, ko ngā paerewa utu hiko CCS1 me te NACS a Tesla ngā mea matua i tēnei wā. I mua atu i tēnei, ko te whakataetae nui rawa atu i waenganui i a CCS1 me te paerewa CHAdeMO o Hapani. Heoi, nā te hinganga o ngā kamupene Hapanihi i runga i te huarahi hiko parakore i ngā tau tata nei, inā koa te hinganga o Nissan Leaf, te toa hokohoko hiko parakore o mua i Amerika Te Raki, kua huri a Ariya ki CCS1, ā, kua hinga a CHAdeMO i Amerika Te Raki.
He maha ngā kamupene waka nui o Ūropi kua whiriwhiri i te paerewa CCS2. Kei Haina tana ake paerewa utu GB/T (kei te whakatairanga i te paerewa utu nui o te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei, arā, ko ChaoJi), engari kei te whakamahi tonu a Hapani i a CHAdeMO.
I ahu mai te paerewa CCS i te paerewa whakakotahi pūnaha utu tere DC i runga i te paerewa SAE o te Society of Automotive Engineers me te paerewa ACEA o te European Automotive Industry Association. I whakatūria mana te "Fast Charging Association" i te 26 o ngā Huihuinga Waka Hiko o te Ao i Los Angeles, USA i te tau 2012. I taua tau anō, e waru ngā kamupene motuka nui o Amerika me Tiamana tae atu ki a Ford, General Motors, Volkswagen, Audi, BMW, Daimler, Porsche me Chrysler i whakatū i tētahi paerewa utu tere waka hiko kotahi i whakaputa i tētahi kōrero, ā, i muri mai ka panuitia he whakatairanga tahi mō te paerewa CCS. I tere te mōhiotia e ngā whakahaere umanga motuka o Amerika me Tiamana.
Ki te whakataurite ki te CCS1, ko ngā painga o te NACS a Tesla: (1) he tino māmā, ka taea e te mono iti te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te utu puhoi me te utu tere, ko te CCS1 me te CHAdeMO he tino matotoru; (2) ka tautokohia e ngā motuka NACS katoa he kawa raraunga hei whakahaere i te utu mono-ā-ringa. Me mōhio te hunga katoa e taraiwa ana i tētahi motuka hiko i runga i te huarahi nui ki tēnei. Hei utu, me tango pea e koe ētahi taupānga, kātahi ka matawai i te waehere QR hei utu. He tino uaua. he koretake. Ki te taea e koe te mono me te tākaro me te utu, ka pai ake te wheako. Kei te tautokona tēnei mahi e ētahi tauira CCS. (3) Ko te tahora whatunga utu nui a Tesla e whakarato ana i te tino ngāwari ki ngā kaipupuri motuka te whakamahi i ā rātou motuka. Ko te mea nui ko te whakataurite ki ētahi atu puranga utu CCS1, he teitei ake te pono o ngā puranga utu Tesla, ā, he pai ake te wheako.

Te whakataurite i te paerewa utu Tesla NACS me te paerewa utu CCS1
Koinei te rerekētanga o te utu tere. Mō ngā kaiwhakamahi o Amerika Te Raki e hiahia ana ki te utu puhoi anake, ka whakamahia te paerewa utu J1772. Kei ngā Tesla katoa he urutau māmā e taea ai e rātou te whakamahi i te J1772. Ko te tikanga, ka tāutahia e ngā kaipupuri Tesla ngā utu NACS ki te kāinga, he iti ake te utu.
Mō ētahi wāhi tūmatanui, pērā i ngā hōtēra, ka tohatoha a Tesla i ngā rihi puhoi NACS ki ngā hōtēra; ki te noho ko te Tesla NACS te paerewa, ka whakauruhia te J1772 o nāianei ki tētahi urutau hei huri ki te NACS.
3. Paerewa VS te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakamahi
He rerekē tēnei i Haina, kua whakakotahi i ngā whakaritenga paerewa ā-motu, ahakoa ko CCS1 te paerewa utu i Amerika Te Raki, nā te hanganga tōmua me te maha o ngā whatunga utu a Tesla, kua hangaia he āhuatanga tino whakamere i Amerika Te Raki, arā: ko te nuinga o te paerewa CCS1 e tautokona ana e ngā umanga (tata ki ngā kamupene katoa engari ko Tesla) he tokoiti noa iho; hei utu mō te atanga utu paerewa a Tesla, ko te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakamahi te hunga e whakamahi ana.
Ko te raruraru o te whakatairanga i te atanga utu a Tesla, ehara i te mea he paerewa i tukuna, i whakaaetia rānei e tētahi whakahaere paerewa, nā te mea kia noho hei paerewa, me whai i ngā tikanga e tika ana a te whakahaere whakawhanake paerewa. He otinga noa iho tēnei nā Tesla, ā, ko te nuinga kei Amerika Te Raki (me ētahi mākete pēnei i a Hapani me Kōrea ki te Tonga).
I mua ake nei, i kī a Tesla ka raihanahia āna pateni "mō te kore utu" engari me ētahi herenga e piri ana, he tuku kāore i te tino manakohia. Nā te mea kua whakatuwheratia katoatia e Tesla āna hangarau me ngā hua utu, ka taea e te tangata te whakamahi me te kore whakaaetanga a te kamupene. I tētahi atu taha, e ai ki ngā tatauranga mākete o Amerika Te Raki, ko te utu hanga pou/teihana utu a Tesla he 1/5 noa iho o te paerewa, e hoatu ana he painga utu nui ake i te wā e whakatairanga ana. I taua wā anō, i te 9 o Hune, 2023, arā, i muri i te urunga atu o Ford me General Motors ki Tesla NACS, i tukuna e te Whare White he pūrongo tera pea ka whiwhi te NACS a Tesla i ngā tautoko pou utu mai i te whakahaerenga Biden. I mua atu i tērā, kāore a Tesla i whai mana.
He rite tonu te ahua o tēnei nekehanga a ngā kamupene o Amerika me te kāwanatanga ki te whakatakoto i ngā kamupene o Ūropi ki te whārangi kotahi. Mēnā ka taea e te paerewa NACS a Tesla te whakakotahi i te mākete o Amerika Te Raki, ka hangaia he āhuatanga hou e toru ngā taha e ngā paerewa utu hiko o te ao: ko te GB/T o Haina, ko te CCS2 o Ūropi, me te Tesla NACS.

Nō nā tata nei, i panuitia e Nissan tētahi whakaaetanga ki a Tesla hei whakamahi i te Paerewa Utu o Amerika ki te Raki (NACS) mai i te tau 2025, ko te whāinga kia nui ake ngā kōwhiringa mō ngā kaipupuri Nissan ki te utu i ā rātou waka hiko. I roto noa i ngā marama e rua, e whitu ngā kaihanga motuka, tae atu ki a Volkswagen, Ford, General Motors, Rivian, Volvo, Polestar, me Mercedes-Benz, kua panuitia ngā whakaaetanga utu ki a Tesla. Hei tāpiri, i roto i te rā kotahi, e whā ngā kaiwhakahaere whatunga utu matua me ngā kaiwhakarato ratonga o tāwāhi i panuitia i te wā kotahi te tangohanga o te paerewa NACS a Tesla. $New Energy Vehicle Leading ETF(SZ159637)$

Kei a Tesla te kaha ki te whakakotahi i ngā paerewa utu i roto i ngā mākete o Ūropi me Amerika.

E whā ngā huinga paerewa utu matua kei te mākete i tēnei wā, arā: te paerewa CHAdeMo Hapanihi, te paerewa GB/T Hainamana, te paerewa CCS1/2 o Ūropi me Amerika, me te paerewa NACS a Tesla. Pērā i te rerekētanga o ngā hau i ia maero ki ia maero, me te rerekētanga o ngā tikanga i ia maero ki ia maero, ko ngā paerewa kawa utu rerekē tētahi o ngā "ārai" ki te whānui haere o ngā waka hiko hou i te ao.

E mōhio ana tātou katoa, ko te tāra US te moni matua o te ao, nō reira he tino "uaua". Nā tēnei, kua kohia hoki e Musk tētahi kēmu nui hei ngana ki te whakahaere i te paerewa utu o te ao. I te mutunga o te tau 2022, i kī a Tesla ka whakatuwheratia e ia te paerewa NACS, ka whakakitea tana patent hoahoa hononga utu, ā, ka tono atu ki ētahi atu kamupene waka ki te whakamahi i te atanga utu NACS i roto i ngā waka i hangaia nuitia. I muri mai, i kī a Tesla ka whakatuwheratia te whatunga utu nui. Kei a Tesla te whatunga utu tere matua i te United States, tae atu ki te 1,600 ngā teihana utu nui me te neke atu i te 17,000 ngā puranga utu nui. Mā te uru atu ki te whatunga utu nui a Tesla ka taea te penapena moni nui i roto i te hanga i tētahi whatunga utu i hangaia e ia anō. I tēnei wā, kua whakatuwheratia e Tesla tana whatunga utu ki ētahi atu waitohu waka i roto i te 18 whenua me ngā rohe.

Ae, e kore a Musk e tuku i a Haina, te mākete waka hiko hou nui o te ao. I te marama o Āperira o tēnei tau, i panuitia e Tesla te whakatuwheratanga whakamātautau o te whatunga utu i Haina. Ko te puranga tuatahi o ngā whakatuwheratanga whakamātautau o ngā teihana utu nui e 10 he mea hanga mō ngā tauira ehara i te Tesla e 37, e kapi ana i ngā tauira rongonui maha i raro i ngā waitohu pēnei i a BYD me "Wei Xiaoli". I te heke mai, ka whakatakotoria te whatunga utu Tesla ki runga i tētahi rohe nui ake, ā, ka whakawhānui tonuhia te whānuitanga o ngā ratonga mō ngā waitohu me ngā tauira rerekē.

I te haurua tuatahi o tēnei tau, i kaweake taku whenua i te katoa o te 534,000 ngā waka hiko hou, he pikinga tau-ki-te-tau o te 1.6 ngā wā, koia te whenua nama tuatahi o te ao e pā ana ki ngā hoko kaweake o ngā waka hiko hou. I roto i te mākete Haina, i whakatakotohia ngā kaupapa here e pā ana ki te hiko hou ā-rohe i mua ake nei, ā, i whakawhanakehia te umanga i mua ake nei. Kua whakakotahihia te paerewa utu ā-motu GB/T 2015 hei paerewa. Heoi, kei te kitea tonu te kore hototahi o te atanga utu i runga i te maha o ngā waka kawemai me ngā waka kaweake. I puta ngā pūrongo pāpāho tuatahi e kī ana kāore e ōrite ki te atanga utu paerewa ā-motu. Ka taea anake e ngā kaipupuri waka te utu i ngā puranga utu motuhake. Mena me whakamahi rātou i ngā puranga utu paerewa ā-motu, me whai urutau motuhake rātou. (Kāore i taea e te ētita te kore e whakaaro ki ētahi taputapu kawemai i whakamahia i te kāinga i taku tamarikitanga. I reira anō he kaitahuri i runga i te putanga. He raruraru ngā putanga Pākehā me Amerika. Mena ka wareware ahau i tētahi rā, tera pea ka pakaru te kaiwawao ara iahiko.)

Hei tāpiritanga, i te wā tōmua rawa te whakatakoto i ngā paerewa utu hiko o Haina (nā te mea pea kāore tetahi i whakaaro ka tere te whanaketanga o ngā waka hiko hou), kua whakatakotoria te mana utu hiko paerewa ā-motu ki tētahi taumata tino ātaahua – ko te ngaohiko mōrahi ko 950v, ko te iahiko mōrahi ko 250A, ā, ko te mutunga iho ko tōna mana tihi ariā he iti iho i te 250kW. He rerekē, ko te paerewa NACS e whakahaerehia ana e Tesla i te mākete o Amerika Te Raki ehara i te mea he mono utu iti anake, engari he whakauru hoki i te utu hiko DC/AC, me te tere utu tae atu ki te 350kW.

Heoi, hei kaitākaro matua i roto i ngā waka hiko hou, kia taea ai e ngā paerewa Hainamana te "haere ki te ao whānui", kua waihangahia ngātahitia e Haina, Hapani me Tiamana tētahi paerewa utu hou "ChaoJi". I te tau 2020, i tukuna e CHAdeMO o Hapani te paerewa CHAdeMO3.0, ā, i panuitia te whakaurunga o te atanga ChaoJi. Hei tāpiri, kua whakauruhia hoki e te IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) te otinga ChaoJi.

E ai ki te tere o nāianei, tera pea ka tūtaki te atanga ChaoJi me te atanga Tesla NACS ki tētahi pakanga kanohi ki te kanohi ā muri ake nei, ā, kotahi anake o rāua ka taea te noho hei "atanga Momo-C" i roto i te ao o ngā waka hiko hou. Heoi, i te mea he maha ake ngā kamupene motuka e whiriwhiri ana i te huarahi "uru mai mēnā kāore e taea e koe te hinga", kua nui ake te rongonui o te atanga NACS a Tesla i ngā tumanakohanga a te tangata. Kāore pea he nui te wā e toe ana mō ChaoJi?