Ingabe iTesla NACS izohlanganisa izindawo zokushaja zaseNyakatho Melika?

Ingabe iTesla izohlanganisa izindawo zokushaja zaseNyakatho Melika?

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje, izindinganiso zesikhombikubona sokushaja saseNyakatho Melika sezicishe zishintshe.
Ngomhlaka-23 Meyi 2023, iFord yamemezela ngokuzumayo ukuthi izofinyelela ngokugcwele eziteshini zokushaja zeTesla futhi izoqala ngokuthumela ama-adapter ukuze axhunywe kuzixhumi zokushaja zeTesla kubanikazi beFord abakhona kusukela ngonyaka ozayo, bese kuba esikhathini esizayo. Izimoto zikagesi zeFord zizosebenzisa ngqo isikhombikubona sokushaja seTesla, okususa isidingo sama-adapter futhi zingasebenzisa ngqo wonke amanethiwekhi okushaja eTesla kulo lonke elase-United States.

Ngemva kwamasonto amabili, ngoJuni 8, 2023, i-CEO ye-General Motors uBarra noMusk bamemezela engqungqutheleni ye-Twitter Spaces ukuthi i-General Motors izokwamukela indinganiso ye-Tesla, indinganiso ye-NACS (i-Tesla ibiza isikhombimsebenzisi sayo sokushaja i-North American Charging Standard (i-NACS ngamafuphi), efana ne-Ford, i-GM nayo yaqalisa ukuguqulwa kwalesi sikhombimsebenzisi sokushaja ngezinyathelo ezimbili. Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2024, ama-adapter azonikezwa abanikazi bezimoto zikagesi ze-GM abakhona, bese kusukela ngo-2025, izimoto zikagesi ezintsha ze-GM zizohlonyiswa ngezikhombimsebenzisi zokushaja ze-NACS ngqo emotweni.

Lokhu kungashiwo ukuthi kuyiphutha elikhulu kwezinye izindinganiso zokushaja (ikakhulukazi i-CCS) ebezikhona emakethe yaseNyakatho Melika. Nakuba izinkampani ezintathu zezimoto kuphela, i-Tesla, i-Ford kanye ne-General Motors, ezijoyine indinganiso yokushaja ye-NACS, uma sibheka inani lokuthengisa lezimoto zikagesi kanye nemakethe yokushaja e-United States ngo-2022, inani elincane labantu abathatha ingxenye enkulu yemakethe: lezi 3 Ukuthengiswa kwezimoto zikagesi zalezi zinkampani kuhlanganisa ngaphezu kuka-60% wokuthengiswa kwezimoto zikagesi zase-US, kanti ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-NACS ye-Tesla nakho kuhlanganisa cishe u-60% wemakethe yase-US.

2. Impi yomhlaba wonke mayelana nezixhumi zokushaja
Ngaphezu komkhawulo webanga lokuhamba ngesikebhe, ukulula kanye nesivinini sokushaja nakho kuyisithiyo esikhulu ekwandiseni ukuthandwa kwezimoto zikagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kobuchwepheshe uqobo, ukungahambisani kwezindinganiso zokushaja phakathi kwamazwe nezifunda nakho kwenza intuthuko yemboni yokushaja ihambe kancane futhi ibize kakhulu.
Okwamanje kunezindinganiso ezinhlanu eziyinhloko zokushaja emhlabeni: i-CCS1 (CCS=Combined Charging System) eNyakatho Melika, i-CCS2 eYurophu, i-GB/T eShayina, i-CHAdeMO eJapane, kanye ne-NACS ezinikele ku-Tesla.

Phakathi kwazo, yiTesla kuphela ebilokhu ihlanganisa i-AC ne-DC, kanti ezinye zinezindawo zokushaja ze-AC (AC) ezihlukene kanye nezindawo zokushaja ze-DC (DC).
ENyakatho Melika, amazinga okushaja e-CCS1 kanye ne-NACS kaTesla yiwona ahamba phambili njengamanje. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, kwakukhona ukuncintisana okukhulu phakathi kwe-CCS1 kanye ne-CHAdeMO yaseJapan. Kodwa-ke, ngokuwa kwezinkampani zaseJapan emzileni kagesi omsulwa eminyakeni yamuva nje, ikakhulukazi ukwehla kwe-Nissan Leaf, iqhawe lokuthengisa kagesi omsulwa wangaphambilini eNyakatho Melika, amamodeli alandelayo enze i-Ariya yashintshela ku-CCS1, kwathi i-CHAdeMO yanqotshwa eNyakatho Melika.
Izinkampani eziningana ezinkulu zezimoto zaseYurophu zikhethe indinganiso ye-CCS2. I-China inendinganiso yayo yokushaja ye-GB/T (okwamanje ikhuthaza indinganiso yokushaja yesizukulwane esilandelayo ye-ChaoJi), kuyilapho i-Japan isasebenzisa i-CHAdeMO.
Izinga le-CCS lisuselwa kuzinga elihlanganisiwe lesistimu yokushaja okusheshayo ye-DC esekelwe kuzinga le-SAE le-Society of Automotive Engineers kanye nezinga le-ACEA le-European Automotive Industry Association. I-“Fast Charging Association” yasungulwa ngokusemthethweni eNgqungqutheleni Yezimoto Zikagesi Yomhlaba yama-26 eLos Angeles, e-USA ngo-2012. Ngawo lowo nyaka, izinkampani ezinkulu eziyisishiyagalombili zezimoto zaseMelika nezaseJalimane ezihlanganisa i-Ford, i-General Motors, i-Volkswagen, i-Audi, i-BMW, ​​i-Daimler, i-Porsche kanye ne-Chrysler zasungula izinga elihlanganisiwe lokushaja okusheshayo kwezimoto zikagesi lakhipha isitatimende futhi kamuva lamemezela ukukhushulwa okuhlangene kwezinga le-CCS. Laqashelwa ngokushesha yizinhlangano zezimboni zezimoto zaseMelika nezaseJalimane.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CCS1, izinzuzo ze-NACS kaTesla yilezi: (1) ilula kakhulu, iplagi encane ingahlangabezana nezidingo zokushaja kancane nokushaja okusheshayo, kuyilapho i-CCS1 ne-CHAdeMO zinkulu kakhulu; (2) zonke izimoto ze-NACS zonke zisekela iphrothokholi yedatha yokusingatha ukukhokhisa kwe-plug-and-play. Noma ubani oshayela imoto kagesi emgwaqweni omkhulu kumele azi lokhu. Ukuze ushaje, kungadingeka ulande izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningana bese uskena ikhodi ye-QR ukuze ukhokhe. Kunzima kakhulu. akunankinga. Uma ungakwazi ukuxhuma nokudlala nokukhokha, isipiliyoni sizoba ngcono kakhulu. Lo msebenzi okwamanje usekelwa amamodeli ambalwa e-CCS. (3) Ukuhlelwa kwenethiwekhi enkulu yokushaja ye-Tesla kunikeza abanikazi bezimoto lula kakhulu ekusebenziseni izimoto zabo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinqwaba zokushaja ze-CCS1, ukuthembeka kwezinqwaba zokushaja ze-Tesla kuphakeme futhi isipiliyoni singcono. kuhle.

Ukuqhathaniswa kwezinga lokushaja le-Tesla NACS kanye nezinga lokushaja le-CCS1
Lona umehluko ekushajeni okusheshayo. Kubasebenzisi baseNyakatho Melika abafuna ukushaja kancane kuphela, kusetshenziswa indinganiso yokushaja ye-J1772. Wonke ama-Tesla ane-adaptha elula ebavumela ukuthi basebenzise i-J1772. Abanikazi be-Tesla bavame ukufaka amashaja e-NACS ekhaya, ashibhile.
Kwezinye izindawo zomphakathi, njengamahhotela, iTesla izosabalalisa amashaja asheshayo e-NACS emahhotela; uma iTesla NACS iba yindinganiso, khona-ke i-J1772 ekhona izofakelwa i-adaptha ukuze iguqulwe ibe yi-NACS.
3. I-VS ejwayelekile iningi labasebenzisi
Ngokungafani neShayina, enezidingo ezijwayelekile zikazwelonke ezihlanganisiwe, yize i-CCS1 iyindinganiso yokushaja eNyakatho Melika, ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwasekuqaleni kanye nenani elikhulu lamanethiwekhi okushaja eTesla, lokhu kudale isimo esithakazelisayo kakhulu eNyakatho Melika, okungukuthi: iningi Izinga le-CCS1 elisekelwa amabhizinisi (cishe zonke izinkampani ngaphandle kweTesla) empeleni liyingcosana; esikhundleni se-interface ejwayelekile yokushaja yeTesla, empeleni lisetshenziswa abasebenzisi abaningi.
Inkinga ngokukhushulwa kwesikhombikubona sokushaja seTesla ukuthi akuyona indinganiso ekhishwe noma eqashelwa yinoma iyiphi inhlangano yezindinganiso, ngoba ukuze ibe indinganiso, kumele idlule ezinqubweni ezifanele zenhlangano yokuthuthukisa amazinga. Kumane kuyisisombululo seTesla uqobo, futhi ikakhulukazi iseNyakatho Melika (kanye nezinye izimakethe ezifana neJapan neSouth Korea).
Ngaphambilini, iTesla yamemezela ukuthi izonikeza amalayisense amalungelo ayo obunikazi “mahhala” kodwa ngemibandela ethile enamathiselwe, isipho abambalwa abasithathile. Manje njengoba iTesla isivule ngokuphelele ubuchwepheshe bayo bokushaja nemikhiqizo, abantu bangayisebenzisa ngaphandle kwemvume yenkampani. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokusho kwezibalo zemakethe yaseNyakatho Melika, izindleko zokwakha inqwaba/isiteshi sokushaja iTesla zicishe zibe yi-1/5 yezinga elijwayelekile, okuyenza ibe nenzuzo enkulu lapho ikhushulwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngoJuni 9, 2023, okungukuthi, ngemuva kokuba iFord neGeneral Motors bejoyine iTesla NACS, iWhite House yakhipha izindaba zokuthi i-NACS yeTesla ingase ithole nezinsizakalo zenqwaba yokushaja ezivela kuhulumeni kaBiden. Ngaphambi kwalokho, iTesla yayingafaneleki.
Lesi sinyathelo sezinkampani zaseMelika kanye nohulumeni sizwakala sengathi sibeka izinkampani zaseYurophu endaweni efanayo. Uma indinganiso ye-Tesla ye-NACS ingagcina ihlanganise imakethe yaseNyakatho Melika, khona-ke amazinga okushaja emhlabeni wonke azokwakha isimo esisha sezingxenye ezintathu: i-GB/T yaseShayina, i-CCS2 yaseYurophu, kanye ne-Tesla NACS.

Muva nje, iNissan imemezele isivumelwano neTesla sokwamukela iNorth American Charging Standard (NACS) kusukela ngo-2025, ihlose ukunikeza abanikazi beNissan izinketho ezengeziwe zokushaja izimoto zabo zikagesi. Ezinyangeni ezimbili nje kuphela, abakhiqizi bezimoto abayisikhombisa, okuhlanganisa iVolkswagen, iFord, iGeneral Motors, iRivian, iVolvo, iPolestar, kanye neMercedes-Benz, bamemezele izivumelwano zokushaja neTesla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nosuku olulodwa, opharetha abane benethiwekhi yokushaja abangaphandle kanye nabahlinzeki bezinsizakalo bamemezele ngesikhathi esisodwa ukwamukelwa kwendinganiso yeTesla NACS. $New Energy Vehicle Leading ETF(SZ159637)$

I-Tesla inamandla okuhlanganisa amazinga okushaja ezimakethe zaseYurophu naseMelika.

Njengamanje kuneziqoqo ezine zezindinganiso zokushaja ezivamile emakethe, okuyilezi: izinga le-CHAdeMo laseJapan, izinga le-GB/T laseShayina, izinga le-CCS1/2 laseYurophu nelaseMelika, kanye nezinga le-NACS likaTesla. Njengoba nje imimoya ihlukahluka kusuka kwelinye imayela kuya kwelinye kanye namasiko ahlukahluka kusuka kwelinye imayela kuya kwelinye, amazinga ephrothokholi yokushaja ahlukene angenye “yezithiyo” ekwandiseni umhlaba wonke izimoto ezintsha zamandla.

Njengoba sonke sazi, idola laseMelika liyimali eyinhloko emhlabeni, ngakho-ke "linzima kakhulu". Ngenxa yalokhu, uMusk uphinde waqoqa umdlalo omkhulu emzamweni wokubusa indinganiso yokushaja yomhlaba wonke. Ekupheleni kuka-2022, iTesla yamemezela ukuthi izovula indinganiso ye-NACS, idalule ilungelo layo lobunikazi lokuklama isixhumi sokushaja, futhi imeme ezinye izinkampani zezimoto ukuthi zamukele isikhombimsebenzisi sokushaja se-NACS ezimotweni ezikhiqizwe ngobuningi. Ngemuva kwalokho, iTesla yamemezela ukuvulwa kwenethiwekhi yokushaja. ITesla inenethiwekhi ehamba phambili yokushaja okusheshayo e-United States, okuhlanganisa iziteshi ezingaba ngu-1,600 ze-supercharging kanye nezinqwaba ze-supercharging ezingaphezu kuka-17,000. Ukufinyelela inethiwekhi ye-supercharging yeTesla kungonga imali eningi ekwakheni inethiwekhi yokushaja eyakhelwe yona. Njengamanje, iTesla ivule inethiwekhi yayo yokushaja kwezinye izinhlobo zezimoto emazweni nasezifundeni ezingu-18.

Vele, uMusk ngeke ayidedele iShayina, imakethe yezimoto ezintsha zamandla emhlabeni. Ngo-Ephreli kulo nyaka, iTesla yamemezela ukuvulwa kwenethiwekhi yokushaja eShayina. Iqoqo lokuqala lezindawo zokuvula iziteshi zokushaja eziyishumi ezinkulu zenzelwe amamodeli angu-37 angewona amaTesla, ahlanganisa amamodeli amaningi adumile ngaphansi kwemikhiqizo efana ne-BYD kanye ne-“Wei Xiaoli”. Esikhathini esizayo, inethiwekhi yokushaja iTesla izobekwa endaweni enkulu futhi ububanzi bezinsizakalo zemikhiqizo ehlukene namamodeli buzokwandiswa njalo.

Engxenyeni yokuqala yalo nyaka, izwe lami lithumele kwamanye amazwe izimoto ezintsha zamandla ezingu-534,000, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-1.6, okwenza kube yizwe elihamba phambili emhlabeni ngokuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla kwamanye amazwe. Emakethe yaseShayina, izinqubomgomo zasekhaya ezihlobene namandla amasha zakhiwa ngaphambilini futhi imboni yathuthukiswa ngaphambilini. Indinganiso kazwelonke yokushaja ye-GB/T 2015 ihlanganiswe njengendinganiso. Kodwa-ke, ukungahambisani kwesikhombikubona sokushaja kusabonakala ezimotweni eziningi ezingenisiwe nezingenisiwe. Kwakunemibiko yezindaba yokuqala yokuthi ayifani nesikhombikubona sokushaja esijwayelekile sikazwelonke. Abanikazi bezimoto bangashaja kuphela ezinqolobaneni zokushaja ezikhethekile. Uma bedinga ukusebenzisa izinqolobane zokushaja ezijwayelekile zikazwelonke, badinga i-adaptha ekhethekile. (Umhleli wayengenakuzibamba kodwa ecabanga ngezinye izinto zikagesi ezingenisiwe ezazisetshenziswa ekhaya ngiseyingane. Kwakukhona ne-converter kusokhethi. Izinguqulo zaseYurophu nezaseMelika zaziyindida. Uma ngikhohlwa ngolunye usuku, i-circuit breaker ingase ikhubeke.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinga okushaja aseShayina akhiwa kusenesikhathi kakhulu (mhlawumbe ngoba akekho owayelindele ukuthi izimoto ezintsha zamandla zingathuthuka ngokushesha kangaka), amandla okushaja ajwayelekile kazwelonke abekwe ezingeni eligcinayo - i-voltage ephezulu ingu-950v, amandla amanje aphezulu angu-250A, okuholela ekutheni amandla ayo aphezulu ngokwemfundiso anqunyelwe ngaphansi kuka-250kW. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amazinga e-NACS aphethwe yiTesla emakethe yaseNyakatho Melika awagcini nje ngokuba ne-plug encane yokushaja, kodwa futhi ahlanganisa ukushaja kwe-DC/AC, ngesivinini sokushaja esifinyelela ku-350kW.

Kodwa-ke, njengomdlali ohamba phambili ezimotweni ezintsha zamandla, ukuze kuvunyelwe amazinga aseShayina ukuthi "ahambe emhlabeni wonke", iShayina, iJapan neJalimane badale ngokubambisana indinganiso entsha yokushaja ethi "ChaoJi". Ngo-2020, i-CHAdeMO yaseJapan ikhiphe indinganiso ye-CHAdeMO3.0 futhi yamemezela ukwamukelwa kwesixhumi esibonakalayo se-ChaoJi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) nayo yamukele isisombululo se-ChaoJi.

Ngokwejubane lamanje, isikhombikubona se-ChaoJi kanye nesikhombikubona se-Tesla NACS kungase kubhekane nokubhekana ubuso nobuso esikhathini esizayo, futhi eyodwa kuphela yazo ekugcineni ingaba “isikhombikubona sohlobo C” emkhakheni wezimoto ezintsha zamandla. Kodwa-ke, njengoba izinkampani eziningi zezimoto zikhetha indlela ethi “joyina uma ungakwazi ukuyinqoba,” ukuthandwa kwamanje kwesikhombikubona se-Tesla se-NACS sekudlule kakhulu okulindelwe ngabantu. Mhlawumbe asisekho isikhathi esiningi esisele se-ChaoJi?