Shin Tesla NACS za ta haɗa hanyoyin caji na Arewacin Amurka?

Shin Tesla zai haɗa hanyoyin caji na Arewacin Amurka?

A cikin 'yan kwanaki kalilan, ƙa'idodin haɗin caji na Arewacin Amurka sun kusan canzawa.
A ranar 23 ga Mayu, 2023, Ford ta sanar ba zato ba tsammani cewa za ta shiga tashoshin caji na Tesla gaba ɗaya kuma za ta fara aika da adaftar don haɗawa da masu haɗin caji na Tesla ga masu mallakar Ford na yanzu daga shekara mai zuwa, sannan kuma a nan gaba. Motocin lantarki na Ford za su yi amfani da hanyar caji ta Tesla kai tsaye, wanda ke kawar da buƙatar adaftar kuma za su iya amfani da duk hanyoyin sadarwa na caji na Tesla a faɗin Amurka kai tsaye.

Makonni biyu bayan haka, a ranar 8 ga Yuni, 2023, Shugaban Kamfanin General Motors Barra da Musk sun sanar a wani taron Twitter Spaces cewa General Motors za ta rungumi ka'idar Tesla, wato ka'idar NACS (Tesla ta kira ka'idar caji ta Arewacin Amurka (NACS a takaice), kamar Ford, GM kuma ta aiwatar da sauya wannan ka'idar caji a matakai biyu. Tun daga farkon 2024, za a samar da adaftar ga masu motocin lantarki na GM da ke akwai, sannan daga baya a shekarar 2025, za a samar da sabbin motocin lantarki na GM da ke dauke da ka'idojin caji na NACS kai tsaye a kan abin hawa.

Wannan za a iya cewa babban koma-baya ne ga sauran ƙa'idodin haɗin caji (galibi CCS) waɗanda suka kasance a kasuwar Arewacin Amurka. Duk da cewa kamfanonin motoci uku ne kawai, Tesla, Ford da General Motors, suka shiga tsarin haɗin NACS, idan aka yi la'akari da yawan tallace-tallace na motocin lantarki da kasuwar haɗin caji a Amurka a cikin 2022, ƙaramin adadin mutane ne ke mamaye mafi yawan kasuwa: waɗannan 3. Tallace-tallacen motocin lantarki na waɗannan kamfanoni sun kai sama da kashi 60% na tallace-tallacen motocin lantarki na Amurka, kuma cajin sauri na NACS na Tesla shi ma ya kai kusan kashi 60% na kasuwar Amurka.

2. Yaƙi na duniya kan hanyoyin caji
Baya ga iyakancewar kewayon tafiya, sauƙin caji da saurin caji suma babban cikas ne ga yaɗuwar motocin lantarki. Bugu da ƙari, baya ga fasahar kanta, rashin daidaito a cikin ƙa'idodin caji tsakanin ƙasashe da yankuna yana sa ci gaban masana'antar caji ya ragu kuma ya yi tsada.
A halin yanzu akwai manyan ƙa'idodi guda biyar na haɗin caji a duniya: CCS1 (CCS= Tsarin Cajin Haɗin Kai) a Arewacin Amurka, CCS2 a Turai, GB/T a China, CHAdeMO a Japan, da kuma NACS da aka keɓe ga Tesla.

Daga cikinsu, Tesla ne kawai ke haɗa AC da DC a kowane lokaci, yayin da sauran ke da hanyoyin caji daban-daban na AC (AC) da hanyoyin caji na DC (DC).
A Arewacin Amurka, ƙa'idodin caji na CCS1 da NACS na Tesla a halin yanzu sune manyan. Kafin wannan, akwai gasa mafi zafi tsakanin CCS1 da ƙa'idar CHAdeMO ta Japan. Duk da haka, tare da rugujewar kamfanonin Japan a kan hanyar lantarki mai tsabta a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, musamman raguwar Nissan Leaf, tsohuwar zakaran tallace-tallace na lantarki mai tsabta a Arewacin Amurka, samfuran da suka biyo baya sun canza zuwa CCS1, kuma CHAdeMO ta sha kaye a Arewacin Amurka.
Manyan kamfanonin kera motoci na Turai da dama sun zabi tsarin CCS2. China tana da tsarin caji nata na GB/T (wanda a halin yanzu ke tallata tsarin caji na zamani na ChaoJi), yayin da Japan har yanzu ke amfani da tsarin CHAdeMO.
An samo ma'aunin CCS ne daga ma'aunin haɗakar tsarin caji mai sauri na DC bisa ga ma'aunin SAE na Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyi Masu Motoci da kuma ma'aunin ACEA na Ƙungiyar Masana'antar Motoci ta Turai. An kafa "Ƙungiyar Cajin Sauri" a hukumance a taron motocin lantarki na duniya na 26 a Los Angeles, Amurka a shekarar 2012. A wannan shekarar, manyan kamfanonin motoci guda takwas na Amurka da Jamus, ciki har da Ford, General Motors, Volkswagen, Audi, BMW, Daimler, Porsche da Chrysler, sun kafa wani tsari mai haɗin gwiwa. Tsarin caji mai sauri na motocin lantarki ya fitar da sanarwa daga baya kuma ya sanar da haɗin gwiwa na tsarin CCS. Ƙungiyoyin masana'antar motoci na Amurka da Jamus sun amince da shi cikin sauri.
Idan aka kwatanta da CCS1, fa'idodin NACS na Tesla sune: (1) mai sauƙi, ƙaramin toshe zai iya biyan buƙatun caji a hankali da caji cikin sauri, yayin da CCS1 da CHAdeMO suna da girma sosai; (2) duk motocin NACS duk suna goyan bayan tsarin bayanai don sarrafa lissafin toshe-da-wasa. Duk wanda ke tuƙa motar lantarki a kan babbar hanya dole ne ya san wannan. Domin yin caji, kuna iya sauke manhajoji da yawa sannan ku duba lambar QR don biyan kuɗi. Yana da matuƙar wahala. rashin dacewa. Idan za ku iya haɗawa da kunnawa da lissafin kuɗi, ƙwarewar za ta fi kyau. Wannan aikin a halin yanzu yana samun tallafi daga wasu samfuran CCS. (3) Babban tsarin hanyar sadarwa na Tesla yana ba masu motoci babban sauƙi wajen amfani da motocinsu. Abu mafi mahimmanci shine idan aka kwatanta da sauran tarin caji na CCS1, amincin tarin caji na Tesla ya fi girma kuma ƙwarewar ta fi kyau. mai kyau.

Kwatanta ma'aunin caji na Tesla NACS da ma'aunin caji na CCS1
Wannan shine bambancin da ke tsakanin caji mai sauri. Ga masu amfani da Arewacin Amurka waɗanda kawai ke son caji mai jinkirin caji, ana amfani da ƙa'idar caji ta J1772. Duk Teslas suna zuwa da adaftar mai sauƙi wanda ke ba su damar amfani da J1772. Masu Tesla galibi suna shigar da caja na NACS a gida, waɗanda suka fi araha.
Ga wasu wuraren jama'a, kamar otal-otal, Tesla za ta rarraba na'urorin caji masu jinkirin NACS ga otal-otal; idan Tesla NACS ta zama misali, to za a sanya wa J1772 na yanzu na'urar adafta don canzawa zuwa NACS.
3. Daidaitaccen VS mafi yawan masu amfani
Ba kamar China ba, wadda ta haɗa ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin ƙasa, kodayake CCS1 ita ce ƙa'idar caji a Arewacin Amurka, saboda ginin farko da kuma yawan hanyoyin sadarwa na caji na Tesla, wannan ya haifar da yanayi mai ban sha'awa a Arewacin Amurka, wato: yawancin ƙa'idar CCS1 da kamfanoni ke tallafawa (kusan dukkan kamfanoni banda Tesla) a zahiri ƙalilan ne; maimakon daidaitaccen hanyar caji ta Tesla, a zahiri yawancin masu amfani suna amfani da ita.
Matsalar da ke tattare da haɓaka hanyar caji ta Tesla ita ce ba wani tsari da kowace ƙungiya ta ƙa'idoji ta bayar ko ta amince da shi ba ne, domin domin ya zama mizani, dole ne ya bi hanyoyin da suka dace na ƙungiyar haɓaka ƙa'idodi. Kawai mafita ce ta Tesla kanta, kuma galibi tana cikin Arewacin Amurka (da wasu kasuwanni kamar Japan da Koriya ta Kudu).
Tun da farko, Tesla ta sanar da cewa za ta ba da lasisin mallakarta "kyauta" amma tare da wasu sharuɗɗa da aka haɗa, tayin da kaɗan suka ɗauka. Yanzu da Tesla ta buɗe fasahar caji da kayayyakinta gaba ɗaya, mutane za su iya amfani da shi ba tare da izinin kamfanin ba. A gefe guda kuma, bisa ga ƙididdigar kasuwar Arewacin Amurka, farashin caji/gina tashar Tesla kusan kashi 1/5 ne kawai na ƙa'idar, wanda ke ba ta fa'ida mafi girma yayin tallatawa. A lokaci guda, 9 ga Yuni, 2023, wato, bayan Ford da General Motors sun shiga Tesla NACS, Fadar White House ta fitar da labarai cewa NACS na Tesla na iya samun tallafin caji daga gwamnatin Biden. Kafin hakan, Tesla ba ta cancanta ba.
Wannan matakin da kamfanonin Amurka da gwamnati suka ɗauka yana kama da sanya kamfanonin Turai a kan turba ɗaya. Idan ma'aunin NACS na Tesla zai iya haɗa kasuwar Arewacin Amurka daga ƙarshe, to ƙa'idodin caji na duniya za su samar da sabon yanayi na uku: GB/T na China, CCS2 na Turai, da Tesla NACS.

Kwanan nan, Nissan ta sanar da yarjejeniya da Tesla don amincewa da Tsarin Cajin Arewacin Amurka (NACS) wanda zai fara daga shekarar 2025, da nufin samar wa masu Nissan ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka don cajin motocinsu masu amfani da wutar lantarki. A cikin watanni biyu kacal, kamfanonin kera motoci bakwai, ciki har da Volkswagen, Ford, General Motors, Rivian, Volvo, Polestar, da Mercedes-Benz, sun sanar da yarjejeniyar caji da Tesla. Bugu da ƙari, cikin kwana ɗaya, masu gudanar da hanyoyin sadarwa na cajin kai guda huɗu a ƙasashen waje da masu samar da sabis sun sanar da amincewa da tsarin Tesla NACS a lokaci guda. $New Energy Vehicle Leading ETF(SZ159637)$

Tesla tana da damar haɗa ƙa'idodin caji a kasuwannin Turai da Amurka.

A halin yanzu akwai manyan ka'idojin caji guda 4 a kasuwa, wato: ma'aunin CHAdeMo na Japan, ma'aunin GB/T na China, ma'aunin CCS1/2 na Turai da Amurka, da ma'aunin NACS na Tesla. Kamar yadda iska ke bambanta daga mil zuwa mil kuma al'adu sun bambanta daga mil zuwa mil, ma'aunin ka'idojin caji daban-daban suna ɗaya daga cikin "masu kawo cikas" ga faɗaɗa sabbin motocin makamashi a duniya.

Kamar yadda muka sani, dalar Amurka ita ce babbar hanyar samun kuɗi a duniya, don haka tana da matuƙar "wuya". Ganin haka, Musk ya kuma tara babban ƙalubale a ƙoƙarin mamaye ƙa'idar caji ta duniya. A ƙarshen shekarar 2022, Tesla ta sanar da cewa za ta buɗe ƙa'idar NACS, ta bayyana haƙƙin mallakar ƙirar haɗin caji, sannan ta gayyaci sauran kamfanonin motoci su rungumi hanyar caji ta NACS a cikin motocin da ake samarwa da yawa. Daga baya, Tesla ta sanar da buɗe hanyar sadarwa ta supercharging. Tesla tana da babbar hanyar sadarwa ta sauri a Amurka, gami da tashoshin supercharging kusan 1,600 da tarin supercharging sama da 17,000. Shiga hanyar sadarwa ta supercharging ta Tesla zai iya adana kuɗi mai yawa wajen gina hanyar sadarwa ta caji da kanta. Zuwa yanzu, Tesla ta buɗe hanyar sadarwa ta caji ga wasu samfuran motoci a ƙasashe da yankuna 18.

Ba shakka, Musk ba zai bar China ba, babbar kasuwar sabbin motocin makamashi a duniya. A watan Afrilun wannan shekarar, Tesla ta sanar da bude hanyar sadarwa ta caji a China. Rukunin farko na bude tashoshin caji guda 10 na gwaji sun kasance na samfuran 37 wadanda ba na Tesla ba, wadanda suka shafi shahararrun samfura da yawa a karkashin nau'ikan kamar BYD da "Wei Xiaoli". Nan gaba, za a shimfida hanyar sadarwa ta caji ta Tesla a wani babban yanki kuma za a ci gaba da fadada iyakokin ayyuka ga nau'ikan da samfura daban-daban.

A rabin farko na wannan shekarar, ƙasata ta fitar da jimillar sabbin motocin makamashi 534,000, wanda ya karu sau 1.6 a shekara, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama ƙasa ta farko a duniya dangane da sayar da sabbin motocin makamashi. A kasuwar China, an tsara sabbin manufofin da suka shafi makamashi a cikin gida a baya kuma masana'antar ta bunƙasa a baya. An haɗa ma'aunin caji na ƙasa na GB/T 2015 a matsayin ma'auni. Duk da haka, rashin jituwa tsakanin caji har yanzu yana bayyana akan adadi mai yawa na motocin da aka shigo da su da waɗanda aka fitar. Akwai rahotannin farko cewa bai dace da tsarin caji na ƙasa ba. Masu motoci za su iya caji ne kawai a kan tarin caji na musamman. Idan suna buƙatar amfani da tarin caji na ƙasa, suna buƙatar adaftar musamman. (Editan ba zai iya yin watsi da tunanin wasu kayan aikin da aka shigo da su daga gida da ake amfani da su a gida lokacin da nake yaro. Akwai kuma na'urar canzawa a kan soket. Sigar Turai da Amurka ta kasance matsala. Idan na manta wata rana, na'urar karya da'ira na iya faɗuwa.

Bugu da ƙari, an tsara ƙa'idodin caji na China da wuri (watakila saboda babu wanda ya yi tsammanin sabbin motocin makamashi za su iya haɓaka da sauri haka), an saita ƙarfin caji na ƙasa a matakin da ya dace - matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki shine 950v, matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki 250A, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin ƙarfin ikonsa na ka'ida zuwa ƙasa da 250kW. Sabanin haka, ƙa'idar NACS da Tesla ke mamaye a kasuwar Arewacin Amurka ba wai kawai tana da ƙaramin toshewar caji ba, har ma tana haɗa caji na DC/AC, tare da saurin caji har zuwa 350kW.

Duk da haka, a matsayinta na jagora a cikin sabbin motocin makamashi, domin ba da damar ƙa'idodin China su "zama na duniya", China, Japan da Jamus sun haɗu sun ƙirƙiri sabon tsarin caji "ChaoJi". A shekarar 2020, CHAdeMO na Japan ya fitar da tsarin CHAdeMO3.0 kuma ya sanar da amincewa da tsarin ChaoJi. Bugu da ƙari, IEC (Hukumar Electrotechnical ta Duniya) ta kuma amince da tsarin ChaoJi.

Dangane da saurin da ake ciki a yanzu, hanyar sadarwa ta ChaoJi da hanyar sadarwa ta Tesla NACS na iya fuskantar karo da juna a nan gaba, kuma ɗaya daga cikinsu ne kawai zai iya zama "tashar sadarwa ta Type-C" a fannin sabbin motocin makamashi. Duk da haka, yayin da kamfanonin motoci da yawa ke zaɓar hanyar "shiga idan ba za ku iya doke ta ba", shaharar da Tesla ke da ita a yanzu ta NACS ta wuce tsammanin mutane. Wataƙila babu lokaci mai yawa da ya rage wa ChaoJi?