Ngaba iTesla NACS iza kudibanisa iindlela zokutshaja zaseMntla Melika?

Ngaba iTesla iza kudibanisa iindlela zokutshaja zaseMntla Melika?

Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa nje, imigangatho yojongano lokutshaja eMntla Melika sele itshintshile phantse.
Ngomhla wama-23 kuCanzibe ngo-2023, iFord yabhengeza ngequbuliso ukuba iza kufikelela ngokupheleleyo kwizikhululo zokutshaja zeTesla kwaye iza kuqala ithumele iiadaptha zokuqhagamshela kwizixhumi zokutshaja zeTesla kubanini beFord abakhoyo ukususela kunyaka ozayo, emva koko kwixesha elizayo. Izithuthi zombane zeFord ziza kusebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo i-interface yokutshaja yeTesla, nto leyo ephelisa isidingo seadaptha kwaye ingasebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo zonke iinethiwekhi zokutshaja zeTesla kulo lonke elaseMelika.

Emva kweeveki ezimbini, nge-8 kaJuni 2023, i-CEO yeGeneral Motors uBarra noMusk babhengeze kwingqungquthela ye-Twitter Spaces ukuba iGeneral Motors iza kwamkela umgangatho weTesla, umgangatho we-NACS (iTesla ibiza ujongano lwayo lokutshaja iNorth American Charging Standard (i-NACS ngamafutshane), efana neFord, iGM ikwaqalise utshintsho lojongano lokutshaja ngamanyathelo amabini. Ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-2024, ii-adapters ziya kunikwa abanini bezithuthi zombane zeGM ezikhoyo, kwaye emva koko ukususela ngo-2025, izithuthi zombane ezintsha zeGM ziya kuxhotyiswa nge-NACS charging interfaces ngqo kwisithuthi.

Oku kunokuthiwa kukuphazamisa kakhulu eminye imigangatho yojongano lokutshaja (ikakhulu iCCS) ebikwimarike yaseMntla Melika. Nangona iinkampani ezintathu kuphela zezithuthi, iTesla, iFord kunye neGeneral Motors, ezijoyine umgangatho wojongano lweNACS, xa kuthelekiswa nomthamo wokuthengiswa kwezithuthi zombane kunye nemarike yojongano lokutshaja eMelika ngo-2022, linani elincinci labantu abahlala uninzi lwemarike: ezi 3 Ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi zombane kwezi nkampani kubandakanya ngaphezulu kwe-60% yentengiso yezithuthi zombane zase-US, kwaye ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kweNACS yeTesla kukwabandakanya phantse i-60% yemarike yase-US.

2. Imfazwe yehlabathi malunga neendawo zokutshaja
Ukongeza ekuthintelweni komgama wokuhamba ngenqanawa, ukulula kunye nesantya sokutshaja nazo zizinto ezithintela ukuthandwa kwezithuthi zombane. Ngaphezu koko, ukongeza kubuchwepheshe ngokwabo, ukungangqinelani kwemigangatho yokutshaja phakathi kwamazwe kunye nemimandla kwenza uphuhliso lweshishini lokutshaja lucothe kwaye lubize kakhulu.
Okwangoku kukho imigangatho emihlanu ephambili yokutshaja ehlabathini: i-CCS1 (CCS=Combined Charging System) eMntla Melika, i-CCS2 eYurophu, i-GB/T eTshayina, i-CHAdeMO eJapan, kunye ne-NACS ezinikele kwiTesla.

Phakathi kwazo, yiTesla kuphela ebisoloko idibanisa i-AC kunye ne-DC, ngelixa ezinye zineendawo zokutshaja ze-AC (AC) ezahlukeneyo kunye neendawo zokutshaja ze-DC (DC).
EMantla Melika, imigangatho yokutshaja yeCCS1 kunye neTesla's NACS yeyona iphambili okwangoku. Ngaphambi koku, bekukho ukhuphiswano olukhulu phakathi kweCCS1 kunye nomgangatho weCHAdeMO waseJapan. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuwa kweenkampani zaseJapan kwindlela yombane ecocekileyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ingakumbi ukuhla kweNissan Leaf, itshatsheli yangaphambili yokuthengisa ngombane ecocekileyo eMntla Melika, iimodeli ezilandelayo ziye zatshintshela kwiCCS1, kwaye iCHAdeMO yoyiswa eMntla Melika.
Iinkampani ezininzi ezinkulu zeemoto zaseYurophu zikhethe umgangatho weCCS2. ITshayina ine-GB/T yayo esemgangathweni yokutshaja (okwangoku ikhuthaza umgangatho wesizukulwana esilandelayo we-ChaoJi), ngelixa iJapan isasebenzisa i-CHAdeMO.
Umgangatho we-CCS uthathwe kumgangatho we-DC fast combined charging system combined standard ngokusekelwe kumgangatho we-SAE we-Society of Automotive Engineers kunye nomgangatho we-ACEA we-European Automotive Industry Association. I-"Fast Charging Association" yasekwa ngokusesikweni kwiNgqungquthela ye-26 yeHlabathi yeZithuthi zoMbane eLos Angeles, e-USA ngo-2012. Kuloo nyaka mnye, iinkampani ezisibhozo ezinkulu zeemoto zaseMelika nezaseJamani kuquka iFord, iGeneral Motors, iVolkswagen, iAudi, iBMW, iDaimler, iPorsche kunye neChrysler zaseka umgangatho odibeneyo we-united vehicle fast charging standard wakhupha ingxelo kwaye kamva wabhengeza ukukhuthazwa okudibeneyo komgangatho we-CCS. Waqatshelwa ngokukhawuleza yimibutho yaseMelika neyaseJamani.
Xa kuthelekiswa neCCS1, iingenelo ze-NACS kaTesla zezi: (1) ilula kakhulu, iplagi encinci inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokutshaja kancinci kunye nokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa iCCS1 kunye neCHAdeMO zinkulu kakhulu; (2) zonke iimoto zeNACS zixhasa iprotokholi yedatha yokusingatha ukuhlawuliswa kwe-plug-and-play. Nabani na oqhuba imoto yombane kwindlela enkulu kufuneka azi oku. Ukuze utshaje, kusenokufuneka ukhuphele ii-apps ezininzi uze uskene ikhowudi yeQR ukuze uhlawule. Kunzima kakhulu. Akunamsebenzi. Ukuba ungaxhuma kwaye udlale kwaye ubize, amava aya kuba ngcono kakhulu. Lo msebenzi okwangoku uxhaswa ziimodeli ezimbalwa zeCCS. (3) Uyilo olukhulu lwenethiwekhi yokutshaja yeTesla lubonelela abanini beemoto ngokulula okukhulu ekusebenziseni iimoto zabo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iipile zokutshaja zeCCS1, ukuthembeka kweepile zokutshaja zeTesla kuphezulu kwaye amava angcono. kulungile.

Ukuthelekiswa komgangatho wokutshaja weTesla NACS kunye nomgangatho wokutshaja weCCS1
Lo ngumahluko ekutshajeni ngokukhawuleza. Kubasebenzisi baseMntla Melika abafuna ukutshaja kancinci kuphela, kusetyenziswa umgangatho wokutshaja we-J1772. Zonke iiTesla ziza ne-adaptha elula ebavumela ukuba basebenzise i-J1772. Abanini beTesla badla ngokufaka iitshaja ze-NACS ekhaya, ezingabizi kakhulu.
Kwezinye iindawo zikawonke-wonke, ezinje ngeehotele, iTesla iza kusasaza iitshaja ezicothayo zeNACS kwiihotele; ukuba iTesla NACS iba ngumgangatho, iJ1772 ekhoyo iya kuxhotyiswa ngeadaptha ukuze iguqulwe ibe yiNACS.
3. I-VS eqhelekileyo uninzi lwabasebenzisi
Ngokungafaniyo neTshayina, eneemfuno ezidibeneyo zemigangatho yesizwe, nangona iCCS1 ingumgangatho wokutshaja eMntla Melika, ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwangoko kunye nenani elikhulu leenethiwekhi zokutshaja zeTesla, oku kudale imeko enomdla kakhulu eMntla Melika, oko kukuthi: uninzi Umgangatho weCCS1 oxhaswa ngamashishini (phantse zonke iinkampani ngaphandle kweTesla) ngokwenene umbalwa; endaweni yojongano oluqhelekileyo lokutshaja lweTesla, ngokwenene usetyenziswa ngabasebenzisi abaninzi.
Ingxaki ngokukhuthazwa kwendlela yokutshaja yeTesla kukuba ayisiyonto isemgangathweni ekhutshwe okanye eqatshelwa yiyo nayiphi na intlangano yemigangatho, kuba ukuze ibe ngumgangatho, kufuneka idlule kwiinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zombutho wophuhliso lwemigangatho. Sisisombululo nje seTesla ngokwayo, kwaye ikakhulu ikwiMntla Melika (kunye nezinye iimarike ezifana neJapan neSouth Korea).
Ngaphambili, iTesla ibhengeze ukuba iza kunika ilayisenisi yamalungelo ayo omenzi wepatent “simahla” kodwa ngemiqathango ethile eqhotyoshelweyo, isipho esithathwe ngabantu abambalwa. Ngoku ekubeni iTesla ivule ngokupheleleyo itekhnoloji yayo yokutshaja kunye neemveliso, abantu banokuyisebenzisa ngaphandle kwemvume yenkampani. Kwelinye icala, ngokwezibalo zemarike yaseMntla Melika, iindleko zokwakha iipali/izikhululo zeTesla zokutshaja zimalunga ne-1/5 yomgangatho, nto leyo eyinika inzuzo enkulu xa ikhuthaza. Kwangaxeshanye, nge-9 kaJuni 2023, oko kukuthi, emva kokuba iFord kunye neGeneral Motors zijoyine iTesla NACS, iWhite House ikhuphe iindaba zokuba iNACS yeTesla inokufumana inkxaso-mali yeepali zokutshaja kulawulo lukaBiden. Ngaphambi koko, iTesla yayingafaneleki.
Eli nyathelo leenkampani zaseMelika kunye norhulumente livakala ngathi libeka iinkampani zaseYurophu kwindawo enye. Ukuba umgangatho we-NACS kaTesla ekugqibeleni unokudibanisa imakethi yaseMntla Melika, ngoko ke imigangatho yokutshaja yehlabathi iya kwenza imeko entsha ye-tripartite: i-GB/T yaseTshayina, i-CCS2 yaseYurophu, kunye ne-Tesla NACS.

Kutshanje, iNissan ibhengeze isivumelwano neTesla sokwamkela iNorth American Charging Standard (NACS) ukususela ngo-2025, ijolise ekunikeni abanini beNissan ukhetho olungakumbi lokutshaja izithuthi zabo zombane. Kwiinyanga ezimbini nje kuphela, abenzi beemoto abasixhenxe, kuquka iVolkswagen, iFord, iGeneral Motors, iRivian, iVolvo, iPolestar, kunye neMercedes-Benz, babhengeze izivumelwano zokutshaja neTesla. Ukongeza, kusuku olunye, abaqhubi benethiwekhi yokutshaja abaphezulu abane kunye nababoneleli beenkonzo bamanye amazwe ngaxeshanye babhengeze ukwamkelwa komgangatho weTesla NACS. $New Energy Vehicle Leading ETF(SZ159637)$

ITesla inamandla okudibanisa imigangatho yokutshaja kwiimarike zaseYurophu naseMelika.

Okwangoku kukho iiseti ezine zemigangatho yokutshaja eqhelekileyo kwimarike, ezizezi: umgangatho we-CHAdeMo waseJapan, umgangatho we-GB/T waseTshayina, umgangatho we-CCS1/2 waseYurophu naseMelika, kunye nomgangatho we-NACS kaTesla. Njengokuba imimoya yahluka ukusuka kwimayile ukuya kwimayile kwaye imigangatho yerhafu yahluka ukusuka kwimayile ukuya kwimayile, imigangatho eyahlukeneyo yeprotocol yokutshaja yenye "yezithintelo" ekwandiseni izithuthi ezintsha zamandla kwihlabathi liphela.

Njengoko sonke sisazi, idola yaseMelika yimali ephambili kwihlabathi, ngoko ke "inzima kakhulu". Ngenxa yoku, uMusk ukwaqokelele umdlalo omkhulu ezama ukulawula umgangatho wokutshaja wehlabathi. Ekupheleni kuka-2022, iTesla yabhengeza ukuba iza kuvula umgangatho we-NACS, ityhile ilungelo layo lobunikazi loyilo lwe-charging connector, kwaye imeme ezinye iinkampani zeemoto ukuba zamkele i-NACS charging interface kwizithuthi eziveliswa ngobuninzi. Emva koko, iTesla yabhengeza ukuvulwa kwenethiwekhi ye-supercharging. ITesla inenethiwekhi ehamba phambili yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza eMelika, kuquka izikhululo ze-supercharging ezimalunga ne-1,600 kunye neenqwaba ze-supercharging ezingaphezu kwe-17,000. Ukufikelela kwinethiwekhi ye-supercharging yeTesla kunokonga imali eninzi ekwakheni inethiwekhi yokutshaja eyakhelwe ngokwakho. Okwangoku, iTesla ivule inethiwekhi yayo yokutshaja kwezinye iimpawu zeemoto kumazwe nakwimimandla eli-18.

Kakade ke, uMusk akayi kuyishiya iTshayina, imakethi enkulu yezithuthi zamandla ezintsha kwihlabathi. Ngo-Epreli kulo nyaka, iTesla ibhengeze ukuvulwa kwenethiwekhi yokutshaja eTshayina. Iqela lokuqala leendawo zokuvula iinjini ze-10 zokutshaja kakhulu zezeemodeli ezingama-37 ezingezizo ezeTesla, ezigubungela iimodeli ezininzi ezidumileyo phantsi kweempawu ezifana neBYD kunye ne "Wei Xiaoli". Kwixesha elizayo, inethiwekhi yokutshaja yeTesla iya kubekwa kwindawo enkulu kwaye ububanzi beenkonzo zeempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye neemodeli ziya kwandiswa rhoqo.

Kwisiqingatha sokuqala salo nyaka, ilizwe lam lithumele ngaphandle izithuthi ezintsha zamandla ezingama-534,000, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka kwezihlandlo ezili-1.6, nto leyo eyenza ukuba libe lilizwe eliphambili kwihlabathi ngokuthengiswa kwezithuthi ezintsha zamandla ngaphandle. Kwimarike yaseTshayina, imigaqo-nkqubo yasekhaya enxulumene namandla amatsha yenziwe ngaphambili kwaye ishishini laphuhliswa kwangaphambili. Umgangatho wesizwe wokutshaja we-GB/T ka-2015 udityaniswe njengomgangatho. Nangona kunjalo, ukungahambelani kojongano lokutshaja kusabonakala kwinani elikhulu lezithuthi ezingenisiweyo nezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Kwakukho iingxelo zeendaba zokuqala zokuba awufani nojongano lokutshaja oluqhelekileyo lwesizwe. Abanini beemoto banokutshaja kuphela kwiinqwaba zokutshaja ezikhethekileyo. Ukuba kufuneka basebenzise iinqwaba zokutshaja ezisemgangathweni zesizwe, bafuna i-adaptha ekhethekileyo. (Umhleli wayengenakuzinceda kodwa acinge ngezinye izixhobo ezingenisiweyo ezazisetyenziswa ekhaya xa ndandisengumntwana. Kwakukho ne-converter kwisokethi. Iinguqulelo zaseYurophu naseMelika zaziyingxaki. Ukuba ndingalibala ngenye imini, i-circuit breaker isenokukhubeka.

Ukongeza, imigangatho yokutshaja yaseTshayina yenziwe kwangethuba kakhulu (mhlawumbi kuba akukho mntu wayelindele ukuba izithuthi ezintsha zamandla zingaphuhla ngokukhawuleza kangaka), amandla okutshaja asemgangathweni kazwelonke abekwe kwinqanaba elinokugcinwa kakuhle - i-voltage ephezulu yi-950v, i-current ephezulu yi-250A, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amandla ayo aphezulu abe ngaphantsi kwe-250kW. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, umgangatho we-NACS olawulwa yiTesla kwimarike yaseMntla Melika awunayo nje iplagi encinci yokutshaja, kodwa ukwadibanisa ukutshaja kwe-DC/AC, ngesantya sokutshaja esifikelela kwi-350kW.

Nangona kunjalo, njengeqela elikhokelayo kwizithuthi ezintsha zamandla, ukuze kuvunyelwe imigangatho yaseTshayina ukuba "ihambe kwihlabathi liphela", iTshayina, iJapan kunye neJamani zidibene zenze umgangatho omtsha wokutshaja "iChaoJi". Ngo-2020, iCHAdeMO yaseJapan ikhuphe umgangatho weCHAdeMO3.0 yaza yabhengeza ukwamkelwa kojongano lweChaoJi. Ukongeza, i-IEC (iKhomishini ye-Electrotechnical yaMazwe ngaMazwe) nayo yamkele isisombululo seChaoJi.

Ngokwesantya sangoku, ujongano lweChaoJi kunye nojongano lweTesla NACS zinokujongana ngqo kwixesha elizayo, kwaye mnye kuphela kubo onokuba "ngujongano lweType-C" kwicandelo lezithuthi ezintsha zamandla. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko iinkampani ezininzi zeemoto zikhetha indlela ethi "joyina ukuba awukwazi ukuyoyisa", ukuthandwa kwangoku kojongano lweTesla lweNACS kudlule kakhulu kulindelo lwabantu. Mhlawumbi akukho xesha lininzi eliseleyo leChaoJi?