Izindinganiso eziyinhloko zokuhlukaniswa kanye nezindinganiso zesitifiketi zabahlinzeki bezinqwaba zokushaja baseYurophu

Izindinganiso eziyinhloko zokuhlukaniswa kanye nezindinganiso zesitifiketi zabahlinzeki bezinqwaba zokushaja baseYurophu

Ngokusho kombiko we-International Energy Agency (IEA): “Ngo-2023, cishe ama-US$2.8 trillion azotshalwa emhlabeni wonke emandleni, kanti ama-US$1.7 trillion aqondiswe kubuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile okuhlanganisa amandla avuselelekayo, izimoto zikagesi, amandla enuzi, amagridi, indawo yokugcina, amafutha akhipha ukungcola okuncane, ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kanye namaphampu okushisa. Isamba esisele, esidlula kancane ama-US$1 trillion, sizokwabelwa amalahle, igesi kanye nowoyela. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga kudlule uwoyela okhuphukayo okokuqala. Njengoba kuqhutshwa izimoto ezivuselelekayo nezikagesi, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamandla ahlanzekile kwaminyaka yonke kulindeleke ukuthi kukhule ngo-24% phakathi kuka-2021 no-2023, uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhula okungu-15% kwamafutha emvelo esikhathini esifanayo. Ngaphezu kwama-90% alokhu kukhula kuvela eminothweni ethuthukile kanye naseShayina, okubonisa ukuthi ohulumeni bagcizelela kakhulu amandla avuselelekayo. Ukuhlaziywa kukhombisa ukuthi ukukhula kukagesi emhlabeni wonke okungaphezu kwama-90% eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo kulindeleke ukuthi kuvela ezintweni ezivuselelekayo, kanti amandla avuselelekayo kulindeleke ukuthi adlule amalahle njengomthombo wamandla omhlaba oyinhloko ekuqaleni kuka-2025. Ngo-2025, inani lomhlaba wonke lezimoto zikagesi ezishajayo amaphuzu kulindeleke ukuthi adlule izigidi ezingu-120, kanti amaphuzu okushaja okusheshayo adlula izigidi ezingu-4. Lesi sibikezelo sibonisa ukuthi njengoba ukuthengiswa kwezimoto zikagesi kukhula, ingqalasizinda yokushaja izothola ukutshalwa kwezimali okwandayo kanye nentuthuko. Ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke bazophinde bakhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zikagesi kanye nengqalasizinda yokushaja ngokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali ukubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ezimotweni.

'Umbiko Ojulile Wemboni Yesiteshi Sokushaja' sikaGuohai Securities wembula ukuthi: Ukungena kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla eYurophu kushesha kakhulu. Ngo-2021, izinga lokungena kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla eYurophu lifinyelele ku-19.2%, kanti isilinganiso seziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi nezimoto simi ku-15:1, okubonisa igebe elikhulu lengqalasizinda yokushaja. Ngokwezibalo ze-IEA, isitokwe sezimoto ezintsha zamandla eYurophu simi kumayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-5.46 ngo-2021, ngamaphuzu okushaja umphakathi angu-356,000, okuhambisana nesilinganiso semoto neshaja esingu-15.3:1.Njengoba izimoto ezintsha zamandla zishesha ukungena kwazo eYurophu, ngesilinganiso esiqondiwe sezimoto zomphakathi kuya ekushajeni esingu-13:1 esibekwe ngo-2025, isitokwe sezimoto ezintsha zamandla zaseYurophu kulindeleke ukuthi sifinyelele amayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-17.5 ngo-2025. Izindawo zokushaja zomphakathi kulindeleke ukuthi zifinyelele amayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-1.346, okuhambisana nomthamo wokuthengisa waminyaka yonke wamayunithi angu-210,000, angu-222,000, kanye no-422,000 weminyaka ka-2023-2025 ngokulandelana, okumelela izinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiwe elingu-50.1%.

Abahlinzeki bamaphoyinti okushaja baseYurophu bawela kakhulu ezigabeni ezine:imidondoshiya yamandla yendabuko, izinkampani ezinkulu zikagesi ezihlanganisiwe, abakhiqizi bezimoto ezintsha zamandla, futhiopharetha bezindawo zokushaja ezikhethekile.Izinkampani ezinkulu zamandla zendabuko ezifana ne-BP ne-Shell zisheshisa ukushintshela kwamabhizinisi azo kaphethiloli avamile ukuya emisebenzini yamandla amasha ngokuthenga abaqhubi beziteshi zokushaja. Izinkampani ezinkulu zikagesi ezihlanganisiwe, ikakhulukazi i-ABB, i-Siemens, ne-Schneider Electric, zigxile ekukhiqizeni imishini yokushaja futhi okwamanje zibusa imakethe yamaphuzu okushaja aseYurophu. Abakhiqizi bezimoto ezintsha zamandla, ababoniswe yi-Tesla ne-IONITY, basekela kakhulu izimoto zabo zikagesi ngengqalasizinda yokushaja; abaqhubi bezimoto zokushaja abakhethekile, njenge-ChargePoint yaseNyakatho Melika kanye ne-EVBox yaseYurophu, abagcini nje ngokuhlinzeka ngezindawo zokushaja kodwa futhi bahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zesofthiwe nezinsizakalo ezilandelayo, bekhuthaza amamodeli ebhizinisi lesofthiwe yokushaja.

Izindinganiso zokushaja zaphesheya kwezilwandle kanye nezitifiketi ziveza ubunzima obukhulu. Njengamanje, kunezindinganiso ezinhlanu zokushaja eziyinhloko emhlabeni wonke: izinga likazwelonke laseShayina i-GB/T, izinga laseMelika i-CCS1 (i-Combo/uhlobo 1), izinga laseYurophu i-CCS2 (i-Combo/uhlobo 2), izinga le-CHAdeMO laseJapan, kanye nezinga le-Tesla lokushaja elizimele. Emhlabeni jikelele, amazinga e-CCS kanye ne-CHAdeMO abona ukusetshenziswa kabanzi, okusekela izinhlobo eziningi zezimoto. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amazinga kanye nemithetho yokuhlola izimoto zaphesheya kwezilwandle iqine kakhulu kunaleyo engaphakathi emakethe yaseShayina.