Kodi NACS Connector ya Tesla supercharging Station ndi chiyani?

Kodi NACS Connector ya Tesla supercharging Station ndi chiyani?

Mu June 2023, Ford ndi GM adalengeza kuti asintha kuchoka pa Combined Charging System (CCS) kupita ku zolumikizira za Tesla's North American Charging Standard (NACS) kuti akagwiritse ntchito ma EV awo amtsogolo. Pasanathe mwezi umodzi, Mercedes-Benz, Polestar, Rivian, ndi Volvo adalengezanso kuti athandizira muyezo wa NACS wamagalimoto awo aku US m'zaka zikubwerazi. Kusintha kuchoka ku NACS kupita ku CCS kukuwoneka kuti kwapangitsa kuti malo ochapira magalimoto amagetsi (EV) akhale ovuta, koma ndi mwayi waukulu kwa opanga ma charger ndi ogwiritsa ntchito malo ochapira (CPOs). Ndi NACS, ma CPO azitha kutchaja ma Tesla EV opitilira 1.3 miliyoni pamsewu ku US.

Kodi NACS ndi chiyani?
NACS ndi muyezo wa Tesla womwe kale unkagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Tesla polumikizira magetsi mwachangu (DC)—kale unkadziwika kuti “cholumikizira magetsi cha Tesla.” Wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magalimoto a Tesla kuyambira 2012 ndipo kapangidwe ka cholumikizira kanayamba kupezeka kwa opanga ena mu 2022. Unapangidwa kuti ugwirizane ndi kapangidwe ka batri ya Tesla ya 400-volt ndipo ndi wocheperako poyerekeza ndi zolumikizira zina zolumikizira magetsi mwachangu za DC. Cholumikizira cha NACS chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma supercharger a Tesla, omwe pakadali pano amalipiritsa mphamvu mpaka 250kW.

Kodi Tesla Magic Dock ndi chiyani?
Magic Dock ndi adaputala ya Tesla ya NACS kuchokera ku CCS1 yomwe imayatsa magetsi. Pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya ma charger a Tesla ku US ali ndi Magic Dock, yomwe imalola ogwiritsa ntchito kusankha adaputala ya CCS1 akamayatsa magetsi. Madalaivala a EV ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya Tesla pafoni zawo kuti ayatse magetsi awo a EV ndi ma charger a Tesla, ngakhale akugwiritsa ntchito adaputala ya Magic Dock CCS1. Nayi kanema wa Magic Dock ikugwira ntchito.

Kodi CCS1/2 ndi chiyani?
Muyezo wa CCS (Combined Charging System) unakhazikitsidwa mu 2011 ngati mgwirizano pakati pa opanga magalimoto aku US ndi aku Germany. Muyezowu umayang'aniridwa ndi CharIn, gulu la opanga magalimoto ndi ogulitsa. CCS ili ndi zolumikizira zamagetsi zosinthira magetsi (AC) ndi DC. GM inali kampani yoyamba kupanga magalimoto kugwiritsa ntchito CCS pagalimoto yopanga - 2014 Chevy Spark. Ku America, cholumikizira cha CCS nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa "CCS1."

CCS2 idapangidwanso ndi CharIn, koma imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ku Europe. Ndi kukula ndi mawonekedwe akuluakulu kuposa CCS1 kuti igwirizane ndi gridi yamagetsi ya AC ya magawo atatu ku Europe. Ma gridi amphamvu a AC a magawo atatu amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa ma gridi a gawo limodzi omwe amapezeka ku US, koma amagwiritsa ntchito mawaya atatu kapena anayi m'malo mwa awiri.

Zonse ziwiri za CCS1 ndi CCS2 zapangidwa kuti zigwire ntchito ndi zomangamanga za batri ya 800v yothamanga kwambiri komanso liwiro lochaja mpaka 350kW.

Nanga bwanji za CHAdeMO?
CHAdeMO ndi muyezo wina wolipirira, womwe unapangidwa mu 2010 ndi CHAdeMo Association, mgwirizano pakati pa Tokyo Electric Power Company ndi opanga magalimoto asanu akuluakulu aku Japan. Dzinali ndi chidule cha "CHArge de MOve" (chomwe bungweli limamasulira kuti "chaji yoyendera") ndipo chachokera ku mawu achijapani akuti "o CHA deMO ikaga desuka," omwe amatanthauzira kuti "Nanga bwanji kapu ya tiyi?" ponena za nthawi yomwe ingatenge kuti galimoto ijaidwe. CHAdeMO nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa pa 50kW, komabe makina ena olipirira amatha mphamvu 125kW.

Nissan Leaf ndiye galimoto yodziwika bwino kwambiri ya CHAdeMO ku US. Komabe, mu 2020, Nissan idalengeza kuti isamukira ku CCS chifukwa cha galimoto yake yatsopano ya Ariya crossover SUV ndipo idzasiya kugwiritsa ntchito Leaf pafupifupi chaka cha 2026. Pakadali pano pali magalimoto ambiri a Leaf EV omwe akuyenda ndipo ma DC fast charger ambiri adakali ndi zolumikizira za CHAdeMO.

Kodi zonsezi zikutanthauza chiyani?
Opanga magalimoto omwe amasankha NACS adzakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pamakampani ochapira magalimoto a EV posachedwa. Malinga ndi US Department of Energy Alternative Fuels Data Center, pali malo ochapira magalimoto a Tesla pafupifupi 1,800 ku US poyerekeza ndi malo ochapira magalimoto a CCS1 pafupifupi 5,200. Koma pali malo ochapira magalimoto a Tesla pafupifupi 20,000 poyerekeza ndi madoko a CCS1 pafupifupi 10,000.

Ngati ogwira ntchito zolipirira magalimoto akufuna kupereka zolipirira magalimoto atsopano a Ford ndi GM EV, adzafunika kusintha zina mwa zolipirira zawo za CCS1 kukhala NACS. Zolipirira magalimoto mwachangu za DC monga Tritium's PKM150 zidzatha kulandira zolipirira za NACS posachedwa.

Mayiko ena aku US, monga Texas ndi Washington, apereka lingaliro loti malo ochapira magalimoto a National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure (NEVI) omwe amathandizidwa ndi ndalama azikhala ndi zolumikizira zingapo za NACS. Dongosolo lathu lochapira mwachangu lomwe limagwirizana ndi NEVI limatha kukhala ndi zolumikizira za NACS. Lili ndi zochapira zinayi za PKM150, zomwe zimatha kupereka ma EV a 150kW mpaka anayi nthawi imodzi. Posachedwapa, zidzakhala zotheka kupatsa chochapira chilichonse cha PKM150 cholumikizira chimodzi cha CCS1 ndi cholumikizira chimodzi cha NACS.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza ma charger athu ndi momwe angagwirire ntchito ndi zolumikizira za NACS, funsani m'modzi mwa akatswiri athu lero.

Mwayi wa NACS
Ngati ogwira ntchito zolipirira magalimoto akufuna kupereka ndalama zolipirira magalimoto ambiri amtsogolo a Ford, GM, Mercedes-Benz, Polestar, Rivian, Volvo, ndi ena a EV okhala ndi zolumikizira za NACS, adzafunika kusintha ma charger awo omwe alipo. Kutengera ndi momwe charger imakhalira, kuwonjezera cholumikizira cha NACS kungakhale kosavuta monga kusintha chingwe ndikusintha pulogalamu yolipirira magalimoto. Ndipo ngati awonjezera NACS, adzatha kulipiritsa magalimoto a Tesla EV okwana 1.3 miliyoni paulendo.