Ni iki gikoresho cya NACS Connector cya Tesla supercharging Station?

Ni iki gikoresho cya NACS Connector cya Tesla supercharging Station?

Muri Kamena 2023, Ford na GM batangaje ko bazahindura kuva kuri Sisitemu yo Gusharija Ihuriweho (CCS) bakajya kuri Tesla's North American Charging Standard (NACS) connectors kugira ngo bakore EV zabo zizaza. Nyuma y'ukwezi kumwe, Mercedes-Benz, Polestar, Rivian, na Volvo nabo batangaje ko bazashyigikira ibipimo ngenderwaho bya NACS ku modoka zabo zo muri Amerika mu myaka iri imbere. Guhinduranya NACS kuva kuri CCS bisa nkaho byagoranye imiterere yo gusharija imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EV), ariko ni amahirwe akomeye ku bakora charger n'abakoresha charger points (CPOs). Hamwe na NACS, CPOs zizashobora gusharija Tesla EVs zirenga miliyoni 1.3 mu muhanda muri Amerika.

NACS ni iki?
NACS ni yo mashini ya Tesla yari isanzwe ikoresha umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi wihuta (DC)—yahoze izwi gusa nka “Tesla charger connector.” Yakoreshejwe mu modoka za Tesla kuva mu 2012 kandi igishushanyo cy’iyi mashini cyabonetse ku bandi bakora mu 2022. Yakorewe imiterere ya bateri ya Tesla ya volt 400 kandi ni nto cyane ugereranyije n’izindi mashini za DC charger zihuta. Iyi mashini ya NACS ikoreshwa na Tesla superchargers, ubu ikoresha charger igera kuri 250kW.

Tesla Magic Dock ni iki?
Magic Dock ni adaptateri ya Tesla ikoresha NACS kuri CCS1. Hafi 10% by'ishaja za Tesla muri Amerika zifite Magic Dock, ituma abakoresha bahitamo adaptateri ya CCS1 iyo bashaja. Abashoferi ba EV bagomba gukoresha porogaramu ya Tesla kuri telefoni zabo kugira ngo bashaja EV zabo bakoresheje shaja za Tesla, ndetse no mu gihe bakoresha adaptateri ya Magic Dock CCS1. Dore videwo yerekana Magic Dock ikora.

CCS1/2 ni iki?
Uburyo bwo gushyushya imodoka bwa CCS (Combined Charging System) bwashyizweho mu 2011 mu rwego rw'ubufatanye hagati y'abakora imodoka bo muri Amerika n'Abadage. Ubu buryo bugenzurwa na CharIn, itsinda ry'abakora imodoka n'abatanga serivisi. CCS ikubiyemo ibyuma bihuza umuriro (AC) na DC. GM ni yo yabaye uruganda rwa mbere rwakoze imodoka rwakoresheje CCS ku modoka ikora—Chevy Spark yo mu 2014. Muri Amerika, uburyo bwo gushyushya imodoka bwa CCS bukunze kwitwa “CCS1.”

CCS2 yanakozwe na CharIn, ariko ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu Burayi. Ni nini kandi ifite ishusho kurusha CCS1 kugira ngo ijyane n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi wa AC w'ibice bitatu mu Burayi. Imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ya AC y'ibice bitatu ifite ingufu nyinshi kurusha imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi y'ibice bimwe isanzwe muri Amerika, ariko ikoresha insinga eshatu cyangwa enye aho gukoresha ebyiri.

CCS1 na CCS2 byombi byagenewe gukorana n'imiterere ya bateri ya 800v yihuta cyane ndetse n'umuvuduko wo gusharija ugera kuri 350kW cyangwa urenga.

Bite se kuri CHAdeMO?
CHAdeMO ni ubundi buryo bwo gushyushya, bwashyizweho mu 2010 n'Ishyirahamwe rya CHAdeMo, ubufatanye hagati y'Isosiyete y'Ingufu z'Amashanyarazi ya Tokyo n'inganda eshanu zikomeye z'imodoka zo mu Buyapani. Iri zina ni incamake ya "CHArge de MOve" (iryo shyirahamwe risobanura "gushyushya imodoka") kandi rikomoka ku nteruro y'Ikiyapani "o CHA deMO ikaga desuka," bisobanura "Bite se ku gikombe cy'icyayi?" yerekeza ku gihe byatwara kugirango imodoka ishyushye. CHAdeMO ubusanzwe igera kuri 50kW, ariko zimwe muri sisitemu zo gushyushya zishobora kugera kuri 125kW.

Nissan Leaf ni yo modoka ya EV ikoreshwa cyane muri Amerika ifite ibikoresho bya CHAdeMO. Ariko, mu 2020, Nissan yatangaje ko izimukira muri CCS kugira ngo ikoreshe imodoka nshya ya Ariya crossover SUV kandi izahagarika Leaf ahagana mu 2026. Haracyari imodoka za Leaf EV ibihumbi mirongo mu muhanda kandi chargers nyinshi za DC zizakomeza kugira connectors za CHAdeMO.

Byose bivuze iki?
Inganda zikora imodoka zihitamo NACS zizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku nganda zitanga umuriro wa EV mu gihe gito. Nk’uko ikigo gishinzwe gutanga amakuru ku bijyanye n’ingufu n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli muri Amerika kibitangaza, hari ahantu ho gushyushya Tesla hagera ku 1.800 muri Amerika ugereranije n’ahantu ho gushyushya CCS1 hagera ku 5.200. Ariko hari ahantu ho gushyushya Tesla hagera ku 20.000 ugereranije n’aho hafi 10.000 CCS1.

Niba abakora charge point bashaka gutanga charger kuri Ford na GM EVs nshya, bazakenera guhindura zimwe mu connectors zabo za CCS1 charger muri NACS. charger zihuta za DC nka Tritium's PKM150 zizashobora kwakira connectors za NACS mu gihe cya vuba.

Leta zimwe na zimwe zo muri Amerika, nka Texas na Washington, zatanze igitekerezo cyo gusaba ko sitasiyo zo gushyushya ziterwa inkunga n’ibikorwaremezo by’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi (NEVI) zigomba kuba zirimo imiyoboro myinshi ya NACS. Sisitemu yacu yo gushyushya yihuta ikurikiza NEVI ishobora kwakira imiyoboro ya NACS. Ifite imiyoboro ine ya PKM150, ishobora gutanga 150kW kuri EV enye icyarimwe. Mu gihe cya vuba, bizashoboka gushyiramo buri muyoboro wacu wa PKM150 umuyoboro umwe wa CCS1 n’umuyoboro umwe wa NACS.

Kugira ngo umenye byinshi ku bijyanye na chargers zacu n'uko zishobora gukorana na NACS connectors, hamagara umwe mu bahanga bacu uyu munsi.

Amahirwe ya NACS
Niba abakora charge point bashaka gutanga charger kuri Ford, GM, Mercedes-Benz, Polestar, Rivian, Volvo, ndetse n'izindi EV zifite NACS connectors, bazakenera kuvugurura charger zabo zisanzwe. Bitewe n'imiterere ya charger, kongeramo connector ya NACS bishobora kuba byoroshye nko gusimbuza insinga no kuvugurura porogaramu ya charger. Kandi nibashyiramo NACS, bazashobora charger ya Tesla EVs igera kuri miliyoni 1.3 mu rugendo.