Chaja yemagetsi inotakurika
Bhokisi remadziro remagetsi repamba
Chiteshi Chekuchaja cheDC
Nzvimbo yekuchaja yeBESS
V2G V2H V2V V2L
Module yekuchaja yeEV
Chinongedzo chekuchaja cheDC
Zvishongedzo zvemagetsi
Mukugadzira nekugadzirisa mapombi ekuchaja mumaindasitiri mazhinji emapombi emumba, mutengo wekuchaja mapombi, dhizaini yemapombi ekuchaja, pamwe nechimiro (moto/IP/daro rekuchengetedza), mashandiro (kunyatsojeka kwemagetsi nemagetsi), kuenderana (kuchinjika kumakambani makuru emota), mabasa ekudzivirira (kumira kwekukurumidzira/kumira kwekukanganisa), nezvimwewo zvemapombi ekuchaja zvinofungwa. Zvisinei, vagadziri vashoma vanonyanya kutarisa maitiro ekutaurirana pakati pemapombi nemotokari, tisingatauri kana zvichienderana nemitemo yekutaurirana yakakodzera. Ingokwanisa kutanga nekuchaja, zvimwe zvese hazvina kukosha.
Kana chigadzirwa ichi chichitengeswa chete munyika, hapana chikonzero chekunetseka. Muchitupa che3C cheChina, GB/T27930 (Digital Communication Protocol between Off Board Conductive Chargers and Electric Vehicles) hachisi chinhu chinodiwa kuti nzvimbo dzekuchaja dziwane chitupa.
Mitemo yenzvimbo dzekuchaja dzemuEurope IEC 61851-24 2014/2023 Appendix C inotaura zvakajeka kuti kutaurirana kwepamusoro-soro kwenzvimbo dzekuchaja dzemuDC kunofanirwa kutevedzera zvinodiwa neDIN SPEC 70121:2014 kana ISO 15118-2:2014. Ehe, zvese zvinogonawo kutsigirwa.
Chinodiwa ichi chaunza matambudziko makuru kumakambani emuno anochaja zvinhu zvakawanda.
Pakutanga, nzvimbo dzekuchaja dzeEuropean standard uye nzvimbo dzekuchaja dzenyika standard standard dzakanga dzisingaenderane. Musoro wepfuti wekuchaja weEuropean standard unoshandisa CCS2 (combined charging system) - AC neDC zvine interface yakakura, nepo standard yenyika inoshandisa System B - AC neDC interfaces dzakasiyana. Hazvina kuoma kugadzirisa dambudziko remisoro yepfuti yakasiyana, ingo chinja kune seti yezvinodiwa zveEuropean standard. Kune vatengesi vazhinji pamusika vanosangana nezvinodiwa.
Zvinosuwisa kuti nzira yekutaurirana yechiteshi chekuchaja chenyika yakasiyana zvachose neiyo yeEuropean standard.
Musoro wepfuti muchiyero chenyika une mitsara yakasiyana yeCAN+ neCAN - signal, uye nzira yekutaurirana inoshandiswa nemotokari nepaburi ndeyekutaurirana kweCAN. Musoro wepfuti weEuropean standard hauna mutsetse weCAN, uye kutaurirana kwepamusoro-soro pakati pechiteshi chekuchaja cheEuropean standard nemotokari kunowanikwa nekubatanidza masaini e-high-frequency kune mitsara ye12V, 1kHz CP uye PE. Nzira iyi yekutaurirana inonzi Power Line Carrier (PLC) communication.
Dambudziko rekuvandudzwa kweprotocol yeEuropean standard charging station yakavakirwa pakutaurirana kwePLC rakakura zvikuru kupfuura reCAN communication, uye hapana zvakawanda zvinowanikwa pamusika zvekutarisa. Nokudaro, makambani mazhinji emurwi anotenga zvakananga mamodule akasiyana eSECC (Supply Equipment Communication Controller), orongedza ruzivo rwavo rwecharging kuburikidza nemasaini eCAN uye orutumira kuSECC module, iyo inozotaurirana neEVCC module yemotokari.
Zvisinei, kutenga imwe SECC module yakasiyana ingori danho rekutanga, uye kuratidza kuti iyi module inosangana nezvinodiwa neDIN SPEC 70121:2014 kana ISO 15118-2:2014 pamwe chete nemurwi wese inyaya inodhura zvikuru.
Mutengo wekuyedzwa kamwe chete kweDIN 70121 kana 15118 nesangano rinopa zvitupa unowanzo pfuura 100000 yuan, nenguva yakatarwa yekuyedzwa yemazuva mashoma, uye mari yekuwedzera ichabhadharwa kana wapfuura nguva yakatarwa. Basa rekuyedzwa kwe15118 richave rakakura zvishoma pane re70121, uye mutengo uchave wakakwira makumi ezviuru. Kana zvese zvikapera, mutengo uchapetwa kaviri.
Makambani emuno anongogona kutuka sangano rekupa zvitupa nekusatendeseka pavanenge vachibhadhara mari, uye vanogona kungobvuma chitupa cheEuropean CE. Makambani mazhinji anongosarudza kutsigira DIN 70121 chete nechikonzero chiri nyore: yakachipa pane 15118, uye kuoma kwekuyedza kwakaderera, nemukana wakakura wekupedzwa mukati memazuva akatarwa.
Kutaura zvazviri, sangano rekupa zvitupa rakaedza nzira iyi rakawanawo purofiti isina kururama. Mutambo wekuyedza nzira iyi - bhokisi rakakura redhirowa rakabatana nekombuta yepamusoro - unodhura mari inodarika miriyoni imwe chete yeyuan, uchisvika pamutengo wefurati rechipiri muguta, nemari yakawanda yekubhadhara software yegore negore uye yekuvandudza. Chibvumirano ichi chakagadzwa neEurope uye zvirongwa zvavo zvekuyedza chete ndizvo zvinogona kutengwa. Sangano rekupa zvitupa rinopomerawo mugadziri wemutambo wekuyedza nekusava nehanya pavanenge vachibhadhara, zvikasadaro vangadai vasina mukana wekuyedza chirongwa ichi.
Munhu wese haana sarudzo.
Zvisinei, mazuva akanaka ave makore mashoma chete.
European Union yakaburitsa COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) 2025/656 muna Chikumi 2025, iyo inowedzera uye inogadzirisa REGULATION (EU) 2023/1804 pamusoro pekuchaja pasina waya, masisitimu emagetsi emigwagwa, uye hydrogen supply yemotokari dzinotakura vanhu mumugwagwa. REGULATION (EU) 2023/1804, yakaburitswa muna 2023, inozivikanwa zvakanyanya seAlternative Fuel Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR). Imutemo mukuru wakaunzwa neEuropean Union wekukurumidza kuchinja kuenda kune zero emission transport uye kugadzirisa nyaya yekushaya kukwana kwezvivakwa zvemafuta emamwe mafuta akadai semagetsi nehydrogen. Chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechekumanikidza nyika dziri nhengo kuti dzivandudze network dzadzo dzezvivakwa zvekuchaja, kuwedzera mafuta, uye mamwe masevhisi kuburikidza nemutemo, kubvisa "kushushikana" kwevashandisi nezvekuwanda uye kudzoreredzwa kwesimba, uye kutsigira kufarirwa kukuru kwemotokari dzemagetsi (EVs), mota dzehydrogen fuel cell (FCEVs), uye marori emagetsi ane mutoro mukuru.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, unongoda kuziva kuti EU yakaburitsa shanduro yakagadziridzwa yeAlternative Fuel Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR), iyo ine simba rakazara repamutemo uye chinodiwa chinodiwa chinoshanda zvakananga kunyika dzese dziri nhengo.
Muchidimbu, mapombi eDC eruzhinji mushure megore ra2026 anofanirwa kutevedzera zvinodiwa neEN ISO 15118-2:2016, uye mushure megore ra2027, mapombi ese eDC nemapombi emode 3 AC anofanirwa kutevedzera EN ISO 15118-20:2022.
Mumhuri yemurwi wekuchaja, murwi wechaja wemode 2 AC chete ndiwo wasara. MuChina, murwi uyu wekuchaja wemode 2 (IC-CPD) unonzi portable charging, une simba re3.7 kW. Tsananguro yakapihwa muREGULATION (EU) 2025/656 ndeyekuti murwi wemode 2 AC unoshandisa PWM, iyo yakakwana kutsigira ISO 15118-2 kana -20, uye haizounzi chero imwe kukosha kumushandisi wekupedzisira.
Kumakambani emuno ane mapombi, mutemo uyu hausi nyore. Mushure mekunge wawana chitupa cheDIN 70121, zvinosungirwa kutsigira 15118, izvo zvinoda rutsigiro rwe15118-2 ne15118-20. Makambani mazhinji anogona kunge asingazive mutsauko uripo pakati peDIN 70121, ISO 15118-2, uye ISO 15118-20, pamwe nechinangwa chekuzvitsigira.
Nyaya inofanira kutanga kubva pakutanga.
Pakutanga kwa2010, boka rekushanda pamwe chete reIEC Technical Committee 69 (TC69) neISO Technical Committee 22 (TC22) rakatanga kushanda pamwe chete kugadzira ISO 15118 series of standards, nechinangwa chekugadzirisa nyaya yekuenzanisa kutaurirana pakati pemotokari dzemagetsi nenzvimbo dzekuchaja,.
Nekuda kwekunyanya kutariswa neboka revashandi uye kusashanda zvakanaka kwevanhu vekuEurope, mitemo ye15118 series yave ichigadzirwa uye haisati yaburitswa zviri pamutemo.
Asi musika hauchagoni kumirira kwenguva yakareba. Kunyanya hofori dzemotokari dzekuGermany, vanotarisira kuwana mari yakafanana yemotokari dzavo dzemagetsi nekukurumidza uye kuwana mabhenefiti emusika. Saka, hofori dzeindasitiri dzekuGermany dzakabatana uye, mukati mehurongwa hweDIN, dzakatora zvimwe zvezvakakura zvakakurukurwa muISO 15118, uye dzakagadzira mwero wenyika yeGerman waigona kushandiswa ipapo ipapo. DIN 70121 yakaburitswa muna 2012 uye yakagadziridzwa muna 2014. DIN 70122:2018 mwero wekuyedza unoshanda DIN 70121:2014.
Zvisinei, chiyero che15118 chakasvika kunonoka uye chakangoburitsa vhezheni yacho yekutanga zviri pamutemo muna 2013. Mwero wayo chaiwo wekushandiswa uye mwero wekuyedza zvakaburitswa zvishoma nezvishoma muna 2014 na2018. Kune mabhuku mashanu muISO 15118 series, uye hukama huripo pakati pemabhuku mashanu ndehwekuti:
Saka, DIN 70121:2014 inogona kuonekwa seshanduro yakapfava yeISO 15118 standard. DIN 70121 inotsigira DC charging chete, nepo ISO 15118-1-5 standards inogona kutsigira AC neDC charging, pamwe neTLS encryption, Plug&Charge functionality, uye intelligent charging.
Muna 2022, ISO 15118 yakaburitsa chizvarwa chechipiri chemitemo yekuchaja, iyo inoti ISO 15118-20:2022 sezvambotaurwa. Kana ichienzaniswa ne15118-2, inotsigirawo TLS1.3 encryption, VG (kutumira simba kugrid), WPT (wireless charging), uye ACD (otomatiki connection device) pakutanga. Inewo mitemo yekuyedza inoenderana nayo:
Kutanga kweDIN SPEC 70121 kwaitarisirwa pakutanga senzira yekuchinja kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti musika unoshanda zvakanaka usati waburitsa ISO 15118. Zvinosuwisa kuti, mukusarudza kutaurirana pakati pemurwi nemotokari, kunyangwe mota nemurwi zvichitsigira 70121 ne15118, 90% yezviitiko zvichiri kuvimba neDIN 70121.
Pamusoro pekuti DIN 70121 ndiyo inonyanya kufambiswa nemota, haidi mabasa epamusoro (TLS/PNC/VG/WPT, nezvimwewo), inongoda kubhadhariswa mari chete.
European Commission ine zvavanofunga nezvazvo.
Mutemo we2014/94/EU wekuisa zvivakwa zvemafuta emhando yepamusoro wakatanga kuburitswa muna 2014, apo waisava mutemo, asi waive murairo.
Murairo uyu wakasiyana nezvinodiwa nemitemo, unongotaura chete mhedzisiro inofanirwa kuwanikwa, asi unosiya nzira uye chimiro chekuzadzisa mhedzisiro zvichienderana nesarudzo yehurumende dzenhengo. Murairo uyu haushande zvakananga uye unoda kuti nyika dziri nhengo dzishandure zviri mumurairo uyu kuita mutemo mukati menguva yakatarwa. Semuenzaniso, Murairo weEU weZvigadzirwa zvePlastic Zvinoraswa/EU 2023/814 unoda kuti nyika dziri nhengo dzitonge kushandiswa kwezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvinoraswa, asi kana kubhadharisa mitero, kurambidzwa, kana zvimwe matanho zviri kuhurumende dziri nhengo kuti dzisarudze.
Murairo we2014 weKutsiva Mafuta waisanganisirawo zvinodiwa zvekuchaja, nzvimbo dzekuisa hydrogen, nzvimbo dzekuzadza gasi, nezvimwewo kuti zvizadziswe panosvika 2020 na2025, asi zvaive zvisina kujeka, zvichingotaura kuti panofanira kuva ne "huwandu hwakakodzera hwekufukidza" pasina kukosha kwakajeka kwechinangwa. Pasina mubvunzo, izvi zvakapa nyika dziri nhengo dzeEurope nguva yakawanda yekudzivirira uye rusununguko, asi mhedzisiro yacho yakanga isiri yakanaka. Pakugadzira hurongwa hwenyika, nyika dzine zvinangwa zvakasiyana uye zviyero, zvichikonzera kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa zvisina kuenzana uye zvisina kuenzana mukati meEU. Nyika dzine budiriro yakanaka uye mukurumbira wepamusoro wemotokari dzemagetsi dzinoda kuisa mari, nepo nyika dzine avhareji yekuvandudza mota dzemagetsi dzisingadi kuvaka. Kushandisa mari yemutero wenyika yako kugadzira madhirezi emuchato evamwe hazvina basa zvechokwadi.
Uyezve, mumakore achangopfuura, kuvandudzwa kwemotokari itsva dzemagetsi kwave kuchikurumidza, China ichitungamira. Kupinda kwemotokari dzemagetsi (tram, plug-in hybrid trams, uye extended range trams) kwakapfuura 50%. Zviri pachena kuti Europe iri kusaririra zvakanyanya, uye chikonzero chakananga ndechekusasimba kwezvivakwa, mamiriro ekuchaja ekare, uye mashandiro akaomarara ekuchaja, izvo zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya ruzivo rwevanhu pakufamba.
Chokwadi chekuti DIN 70121, senzira yekuchinja yambotaurwa, yagara ichionekwa senzira huru yekuchaja, humbowo hwakajeka.
Saka, panyaya iyi, European Commission yaona kuti zvivakwa zvitsva zvesimba hazvichakwanisi kunonoka zvakare. Zvikasadaro, hatizongokwanisi chete kuzadzisa chinangwa chekuderedza kabhoni muna 2050, asi tichasarawo shure kweChina zvizere. Saka muna 2023, murairo we2014/94/EU wakagadziridzwa uye wakagadziridzwa kusvika pazvinodiwa zveRegulation (EU) 2023/1804. Ma tag akanyorwa zvakajeka muChikamu 3, uye paTEN-T core network:
Muchidimbu, migwagwa mikuru muEU inoda nzvimbo dzekuchaja, kunyanya nzvimbo dzekuchaja dzinoshanda nesimba rakawanda.
Mushure mekutsanangura huwandu uye simba renzvimbo dzekuchaja dzakadzama mumutemo we2023, European Commission yakaona kuti hazvina kukwana. Mota dzemagetsi dzinongoda nzvimbo dzekuchaja dzine simba guru chete, uye panewo kudiwa kwenzvimbo dzekuchaja dziri nyore kushandisa, dziri nyore kushandisa, uye dzinoonekera.
Fungidzira uchityaira mota yako yemagetsi yazvino uchifara muEurope, uchichaja zvakanaka muFrance nekubhadhara QR code kuri nyore, kumhanya kwekuchaja nekukurumidza, uye kubhadhara mabhiri. Asi mushure mekuenda kuGreece, ndakaona kuti chimiro chemusoro wepfuti chakanga chakare uye chisingaenderane nemotokari yako yazvino. Ndakafamba-famba munzvimbo dzakawanda dzekuchaja asi handina kuwana pfuti yekuchaja yakakodzera. Saka wakaenda kuBulgaria, nyika iri pedyo yeGreece, kwaunogona kuisa pfuti, asi unofanirwa kushandisa muchina wePOS kutsvaira kadhi rako uye hautsigire kubhadhara QR code. Wakanga wapererwa nekuti hauna kutakura kadhi rebhangi uye makiromita asara ebhatiri emotokari aive pasi pemakiromita makumi maviri. Chiitiko chakaipa kwazvo.
Kuti tigadzirise mamiriro aya, zvakakosha kubatanidza nzira yekubatanidza magetsi nehurongwa hwekutaurirana hwenzvimbo yekuchaja.
MuMutemo (EU) 2025/656 pamusoro pezvivakwa zvekutsiva mafuta, chinangwa chiri pakutsanangura kuti nzvimbo dzekuchaja dzichangobva kuiswa kana kugadziriswa dzinofanira kutevedzera zvinodiwa neIEC 62196-2:2022 neIEC 62196-3:2022, zvichiteverwa nezvinodiwa neISO 15118-2:2016 neISO 15118-20:2022 sezvataurwa pamusoro apa.
Chikonzero chekusarudza kusashandisa DIN 70121 senzira yekutaurirana hachisi chakaoma kufungidzira.
DIN 70121 iri nyore kwazvo, haina encryption yakachengeteka panguva yekutaurirana, uye haitsigire PNC (plug and play), izvo zvinowedzera mutoro kune vashandisi uye hazvisi nyore. Uye nebasa rePNC, vashandisi vanogona kushanda vasingafungi, plug mupfuti uye vasinganetseki nezve chero chinhu - hapana chikonzero chekutsveta kadhi, hapana chikonzero chekuskena kodhi, hapana chikonzero chekudzvanya pachiratidziro. Mushure mekuchaja, mushandi anokutumira otomatiki ruzivo rwebhiri.
Uye panosvika gore ra2027, mapombi ese eAC neDC achatsigira 15118-20 (kunyanya basa reVG), kunyanya pakurongeka kwegrid yese. Mota imwe chete itsva yemagetsi inogona kunge isiri nyaya hombe, asi kana paine mota 100000 kana kutoti mamiriyoni, simba rakachengetwa rakakura. Kana panguva yekushandiswa kwemagetsi zvakanyanya, chikamu chesimba remagetsi remota chikadzoserwa kugrid, zvinogona kuderedza mutoro pagrid pasina kuisa majenareta akawanda kudaro. Mumupata wemagetsi, simba rakawandisa kubva kugrid remagetsi rinogona kutumirwa kumota pasina kutambisa magetsi. Nzvimbo dzekuchaja dzine kugona kwekubatanidza grid dzakakosha zvikuru mune dzimwe nzvimbo dziri kure muEurope, uko nzira huru dzekugadzira magetsi dzinoshandisa simba remhepo nezuva. Aya masosi esimba anonyanya kukoshesa nguva uye anofanira kuchengetwa, zvikasadaro achatambisa.
Muchidimbu, kubva mumitemo yakagadziriswazve pamusoro pezvivakwa zvekutsiva mafuta yakaburitswa muna 2025, unogona kunzwa zvakajeka kutsunga kweEurope uye kukurumidza kwayo muzvivakwa zvitsva zvemagetsi. Zvikasadaro, hazvizove zvekumanikidzwa kuita izvi kutanga kwa2026, mwedzi mitanhatu mushure mekuburitswa kwayo.
Sezvo iri mutemo unodiwa, haisi chinhu chinotyisa munhu wese, asi chinhu chinodiwa zvechokwadi. Pawebhusaiti yekutarisa yeEurope yezvivakwa zvekutsiva mafuta, pane ruzivo rwakadzama rwakanyorwa, zvichikubvumidza kuona zvakajeka uye nepfungwa kufambira mberi kwekuvaka kwenyika yega yega.
Mushure mekunge mitemo yaburitswa, nyika dziri nhengo dzeEurope dzakatanga kupindura zvine simba. France yakazivisa muna Mbudzi 2025 kuti ichapa rubatsiro rwezvekuchengetedza nharaunda pakutenga mota dzemagetsi dzepachivande; Muna Mbudzi 2025, Germany yakaburitsa hurongwa hukuru hwekuchaja zvivakwa panosvika 2030, zvichienderana zvizere neEuropean Union Regulation (AFIR) 2023/1804; MuItaly, nerubatsiro rwemakuponi, musika wemotokari dzemagetsi dzepachena uchakwira ne12.2% chete muna 2025. Muna Zvita 2025, nyika diki iri kure yeCyprus muEurope iri kugadzirira kugovera mamiriyoni mana nehafu emaeuro kukurudzira kufamba kwemagetsi.
Makambani makuru emota akatangawo kuburitsa mamota anotevedzera 15118-20. Mota dze2026 dzekambani yekare yemotokari BMW iX3 dzinotsigira zvizere mashandiro eVG; Hyundai IONIQ, iyo isingatengeswi zvakanaka muChina, inorongawo kushanda pamwe chete uye kuburitsa mota dze15118-20 muna 2026; Mercedes Benz's EQS neVolkswagen's ID series zvakarongwawo.
Kune makambani emuno anoita bhizinesi rekutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika, kungave uchida kana kuti kwete, uye kana uchikwanisa kugadzira mamodule eSECC wakazvimirira, ISO 15118-2 na15118-20 ndiwo mwero usingafanirwe kudziviswa pakutumira zvinhu kuEurope.
Parizvino, zvichienderana nekunzwisisa kwemunyori, kune makambani mashoma ari pamusika anotsigira ISO 15118-2 plug and play charging (PNC mode), uye hapana kana bidirectional charging function inotsigira ISO 15118-20.
Pane kumirira wotarisa, zviri nani kuronga nguva yako nekukurumidza woshandisa mikana yemusika. Kufanana neDIN 70121 yambotaurwa, yakashandiswa zvakanyanya makore mashoma apfuura.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-20-2026
