ISO 15118 series - Tus qauv rau cov qhov hluav taws xob them chaw nres tsheb uas tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej ntxiv lawm

Hauv kev tsim thiab txhim kho cov pawg them hluav taws xob hauv feem ntau cov lag luam hauv tsev, tus nqi ntawm cov pawg them hluav taws xob, kev tsim qauv ntawm cov pawg them hluav taws xob, nrog rau cov qauv (hluav taws/IP/kev nyab xeeb), kev ua tau zoo (tam sim no thiab voltage raug), kev sib raug zoo (hloov kho rau cov tuam txhab tsheb loj), kev tiv thaiv (nres thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev/nres qhov txhaum), thiab lwm yam ntawm cov pawg them hluav taws xob raug xav txog. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ob peb lub tuam txhab tsim khoom tsom mus rau cov txheej txheem sib txuas lus ntawm cov pawg thiab tsheb, tsis hais txog seb nws puas ua raws li cov qauv sib txuas lus cuam tshuam. Tsuas yog tuaj yeem pib thiab them, qhov seem tsis tseem ceeb.

Yog tias cov khoom tsuas yog muag hauv tebchaws xwb, tsis tas yuav txhawj. Hauv daim ntawv pov thawj 3C ntawm Tuam Tshoj, GB/T27930 (Digital Communication Protocol between Off Board Conductive Chargers and Electric Vehicles) tsis yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov chaw them hluav taws xob kom tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj.

Cov cai tswjfwm chaw nres tsheb them hluav taws xob hauv Tebchaws Europe IEC 61851-24 2014/2023 Appendix C qhia meej tias kev sib txuas lus siab ntawm DC chaw nres tsheb them hluav taws xob yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm DIN SPEC 70121: 2014 lossis ISO 15118-2: 2014. Tau kawg, ob qho tib si kuj tuaj yeem txhawb nqa.

Lub taub hau phom hauv tus qauv hauv tebchaws muaj cov kab CAN + thiab CAN - cov teeb liab sib cais, thiab txoj kev sib txuas lus siv los ntawm lub tsheb thiab pawg yog kev sib txuas lus CAN. Lub taub hau phom European tus qauv tsis muaj kab CAN, thiab kev sib txuas lus siab ntawm chaw nres tsheb them tus qauv European thiab lub tsheb yog ua tiav los ntawm kev sib txuas cov teeb liab siab rau 12V, 1kHz CP thiab PE kab. Txoj kev sib txuas lus no hu ua Power Line Carrier (PLC) kev sib txuas lus.

Qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem rau European tus qauv chaw them nqi raws li PLC kev sib txuas lus yog ntau dua li ntawm CAN kev sib txuas lus, thiab tsis muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv qhib-qhov chaw muaj nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam rau kev siv. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau cov tuam txhab pile ncaj qha yuav cov SECC (Supply Equipment Communication Controller) sib cais, ntim lawv cov ntaub ntawv them nqi los ntawm CAN cov teeb liab thiab xa mus rau SECC module, uas tom qab ntawd sib txuas lus nrog lub tsheb EVCC module.

Txawm li cas los xij, kev yuav ib lub SECC module cais tsuas yog thawj kauj ruam xwb, thiab kev ua pov thawj tias lub module no ua tau raws li cov cai ntawm DIN SPEC 70121: 2014 lossis ISO 15118-2: 2014 ua ke nrog tag nrho pawg yog ib qho kev siv nyiaj ntau heev.

Tus nqi rau ib qho kev xeem ntawm DIN 70121 lossis 15118 raws li txoj cai los ntawm lub koom haum pov thawj feem ntau yog ntau dua 100,000 yuan, nrog rau lub sijhawm xeem ruaj khov ntawm ob peb hnub, thiab cov nqi ntxiv yuav raug them rau qhov dhau lub sijhawm txwv. Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm rau kev xeem 15118 yuav ntau dua li ntawm 70121 me ntsis, thiab tus nqi yuav siab dua li kaum tawm txhiab. Yog tias ob qho tib si ua tiav, tus nqi yuav ob npaug.

Cov tuam txhab tsim pawg hauv tsev tsuas yog tuaj yeem foom lub koom haum pov thawj rau qhov tsis muaj kev ncaj ncees thaum them nyiaj, thiab tsuas yog tuaj yeem pom zoo rau daim ntawv pov thawj European CE. Feem ntau cov tuam txhab tsim pawg xaiv tsuas yog txhawb nqa DIN 70121 rau ib qho laj thawj yooj yim: nws pheej yig dua 15118, thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm kev sim qis dua, nrog rau qhov muaj feem ntau dua ntawm kev ua tiav hauv cov hnub teev tseg.

Qhov tseeb, lub koom haum pov thawj uas tau sim cov txheej txheem no kuj tau txais txiaj ntsig tsis ncaj ncees. Lub simulator rau kev sim cov txheej txheem no - lub thawv loj me me ua ke nrog lub khoos phis tawj sab saud - raug nqi ntau dua ib lab yuan, ze rau tus nqi ntawm chav tsev thib ob hauv nroog, nrog rau tus nqi saib xyuas thiab txhim kho software txhua xyoo. Daim ntawv cog lus tau tsim los ntawm Tebchaws Europe thiab tsuas yog lawv cov phiaj xwm sim tuaj yeem yuav tau. Lub koom haum pov thawj kuj liam tias tus tsim khoom simulator tsis ncaj ncees thaum them nyiaj, txwv tsis pub lawv yuav tsis muaj peev xwm sim rau qhov project no.

Txhua tus neeg tsis muaj kev xaiv.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov hnub zoo tsuas yog ob peb xyoos xwb.

Lub Koom Haum European Union tau tshaj tawm COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) 2025/656 thaum Lub Rau Hli 2025, uas ntxiv thiab kho dua REGULATION (EU) 2023/1804 txog kev them hluav taws xob wireless, cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob ntawm txoj kev, thiab kev muab hydrogen rau cov tsheb thauj mus los ntawm txoj kev. REGULATION (EU) 2023/1804, uas tau tshaj tawm xyoo 2023, feem ntau hu ua Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR). Nws yog ib txoj cai tseem ceeb uas tau tsim los ntawm European Union los ua kom sai dua qhov kev hloov pauv mus rau kev thauj mus los uas tsis muaj pa phem thiab daws qhov teeb meem ntawm cov khoom siv tsis txaus rau lwm yam roj xws li hluav taws xob thiab hydrogen. Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog yuam kom cov tswv cuab txhim kho lawv cov tes hauj lwm hauv paus rau kev them, kev ntxiv roj, thiab lwm yam kev pabcuam los ntawm kev cai lij choj, tshem tawm cov neeg siv "kev ntxhov siab" txog qhov deb thiab kev rov ua kom muaj zog, thiab txhawb nqa kev nrov npe ntawm cov tsheb fais fab (EVs), cov tsheb hydrogen roj cell (FCEVs), thiab cov tsheb thauj khoom fais fab hnyav.

Hauv kev hais yooj yim, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum paub tias EU tau tshaj tawm ib qho version ntawm Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR), uas muaj kev cai lij choj tag nrho thiab yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua uas siv tau rau txhua lub tebchaws uas yog tswv cuab.

Hauv kev xaus lus, cov DC piles pej xeem tom qab xyoo 2026 yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm EN ISO 15118-2: 2016, thiab tom qab xyoo 2027, txhua lub DC piles thiab hom 3 AC piles yuav tsum ua raws li EN ISO 15118-20: 2022.

Hauv tsev neeg lub pob them fais, tsuas muaj ib qho uas tau tseg cia yog lub pob them fais hom 2 AC xwb. Hauv Suav teb, lub pob them fais no (IC-CPD) hu ua lub pob them fais, nrog lub zog dav dav ntawm 3.7 kW. Cov lus piav qhia hauv REGULATION (EU) 2025/656 yog tias lub pob them fais hom 2 AC siv PWM, uas txaus los txhawb ISO 15118-2 lossis -20, thiab yuav tsis coj tus nqi ntxiv rau tus neeg siv kawg.

Rau cov tuam txhab ua pawg hauv tsev, txoj cai no tsis yooj yim. Tom qab tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj DIN 70121, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau txhawb nqa 15118, uas xav tau kev txhawb nqa rau ob qho tib si 15118-2 thiab 15118-20. Ntau lub tuam txhab yuav tsis paub txog qhov sib txawv ntawm DIN 70121, ISO 15118-2, thiab ISO 15118-20 cov qauv, nrog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txhawb nqa lawv.

Zaj dab neeg yuav tsum pib txij thaum pib.

Thaum pib xyoo 2010, pawg neeg ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke ntawm IEC Technical Committee 69 (TC69) thiab ISO Technical Committee 22 (TC22) tau pib koom tes los tsim cov qauv ISO 15118, lub hom phiaj yog daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov tsheb fais fab thiab cov chaw them hluav taws xob.

Vim muaj kev txiav txim siab ntau dhau los ntawm pawg neeg ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov neeg European, cov qauv 15118 series tau npaj lawm thiab tseem tsis tau tshaj tawm raug cai.

Tiam sis kev ua lag luam tsis tuaj yeem tos ntxiv lawm. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tuam txhab tsheb loj hauv German, lawv vam tias yuav ua tiav kev them nqi rau lawv cov tsheb fais fab sai li sai tau thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev ua lag luam. Yog li, cov tuam txhab lag luam loj hauv German tau koom ua ke thiab, hauv lub moj khaum ntawm DIN, tau rho tawm qee cov ntsiab lus uas tau tham hauv ISO 15118, thiab tsim cov qauv hauv tebchaws German uas tuaj yeem siv tau tam sim ntawd. DIN 70121 tau tso tawm xyoo 2012 thiab hloov kho tshiab xyoo 2014. DIN 70122: 2018 yog tus qauv xeem uas ua haujlwm rau DIN 70121: 2014.

Txawm li cas los xij, tus qauv 15118 tau tuaj txog lig thiab tsuas yog tso tawm thawj zaug hauv xyoo 2013. Nws cov qauv txheej txheem thov tshwj xeeb thiab cov qauv xeem tau maj mam tso tawm hauv xyoo 2014 thiab 2018. Muaj tag nrho tsib phau ntawv hauv ISO 15118 series, thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm tsib phau ntawv yog raws li nram no:

Yog li ntawd, DIN 70121: 2014 tuaj yeem pom tau tias yog ib qho yooj yim ntawm tus qauv ISO 15118. DIN 70121 tsuas yog txhawb nqa DC them, thaum ISO 15118-1-5 cov qauv tuaj yeem txhawb nqa ob qho tib si AC thiab DC them, nrog rau TLS encryption, Plug & Charge functionality, thiab kev them ntse.

Xyoo 2022, ISO 15118 tau tso tawm tiam thib ob ntawm cov qauv them nqi, uas yog ISO 15118-20: 2022 raws li tau hais ua ntej. Piv rau 15118-2, nws kuj txhawb nqa TLS1.3 encryption, VG (xa lub zog mus rau lub grid), WPT (wireless charging), thiab ACD (tsis siv neeg txuas) ua haujlwm raws li thawj. Nws kuj muaj cov qauv xeem sib xws:

Qhov kev yug los ntawm DIN SPEC 70121 yog thawj zaug xav ua ib qho kev daws teeb meem hloov pauv kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm ib txwm ntawm kev ua lag luam ua ntej tso tawm ISO 15118. Hmoov tsis zoo, hauv cov txheej txheem xaiv kev sib txuas lus tiag tiag ntawm lub pawg thiab lub tsheb, txawm tias thaum ob lub tsheb thiab lub pawg txhawb nqa 70121 thiab 15118, 90% ntawm cov xwm txheej tseem vam khom DIN 70121.

Ntxiv rau qhov zoo ntawm thawj tus neeg tsiv khoom ntawm DIN 70121, rau feem ntau ntawm cov tsheb thiab cov pawg, lawv tsis xav tau cov haujlwm siab heev (TLS / PNC / VG / WPT, thiab lwm yam), lawv tsuas yog xav kom them nyiaj yooj yim xwb.

Cov European Commission muaj lawv cov kev xav.

Cov Lus Qhia 2014/94/EU txog kev xa cov khoom siv roj hloov pauv tau muab thawj zaug xyoo 2014, thaum nws tseem tsis tau yog txoj cai, tab sis yog ib qho lus qhia.

Cov lus qhia no txawv ntawm cov kev cai lij choj uas yuav tsum tau ua, nws tsuas yog qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig uas yuav tsum tau ua tiav, tab sis tso txoj hauv kev thiab daim ntawv ntawm kev ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm tsoomfwv cov tswv cuab. Cov lus qhia no tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ncaj qha thiab xav kom cov tswv cuab txhais cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus qhia no rau hauv txoj cai hauv lub sijhawm teev tseg. Piv txwv li, EU Cov Lus Qhia Txog Cov Khoom Siv Yas Siv Ib Zaug Xwb / EU 2023/814 xav kom cov tswv cuab tswj hwm kev siv qee yam khoom siv yas siv ib zaug xwb, tab sis seb puas yuav them se, txwv tsis pub, lossis lwm yam kev ntsuas yog nyob ntawm cov tswv cuab txiav txim siab.

Xyoo 2014 Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Hloov Roj Av kuj suav nrog cov kev cai rau cov chaw them roj, chaw nres roj hydrogen, chaw nres roj, thiab lwm yam uas yuav tsum tau ua tiav los ntawm xyoo 2020 thiab 2025, tab sis lawv tsis meej, tsuas yog hais tias yuav tsum muaj "qhov chaw npog tsim nyog" yam tsis muaj tus nqi lub hom phiaj meej. Tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, qhov no tau muab sijhawm thiab kev ywj pheej rau cov tswv cuab hauv Tebchaws Europe ntau, tab sis cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo tagnrho. Thaum tsim cov qauv txoj cai hauv tebchaws, cov tebchaws muaj cov hom phiaj thiab kev ntsuas sib txawv, ua rau muaj kev tsim kho vaj tse tsis sib xws thiab tsis sib xws hauv EU. Cov tebchaws uas muaj kev loj hlob zoo thiab muaj koob npe nrov ntawm cov tsheb fais fab yeej txaus siab nqis peev, thaum cov tebchaws uas muaj kev loj hlob nruab nrab ntawm cov tsheb fais fab yeej tsis kam tsim. Kev siv nyiaj ntawm cov neeg them se ntawm ib lub tebchaws los ua cov khaub ncaws tshoob rau lwm tus yog qhov tsis tsim nyog tiag tiag.

Ntxiv mus, nyob rau xyoo tas los no, kev tsim cov tsheb fais fab tshiab tau nrawm heev, nrog rau Tuam Tshoj ua tus thawj coj. Tus nqi nkag mus ntawm cov tsheb fais fab (trams, plug-in hybrid trams, thiab extended range trams) tau tshaj 50%. Tebchaws Europe tau poob qis dua los ntawm qhov sib txawv loj, thiab qhov laj thawj ncaj qha tshaj plaws yog cov khoom siv tsis muaj zog, cov xwm txheej them nqi qub, thiab kev ua haujlwm them nqi nyuaj, uas cuam tshuam loj heev rau tib neeg txoj kev mus ncig.

Qhov tseeb tias DIN 70121, ua ib qho kev hloov pauv uas tau hais ua ntej, yeej ib txwm raug suav hais tias yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev them nqi yog ib qho pov thawj meej.

Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus no, European Commission tau pom tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab tsis tuaj yeem ncua ntxiv lawm. Txwv tsis pub, tsis yog peb yuav ua tsis tiav lub hom phiaj txo cov pa roj carbon dioxide xyoo 2050 xwb, tab sis peb kuj yuav poob qis dua Tuam Tshoj tag nrho. Yog li xyoo 2023, cov lus qhia 2014/94/EU tau hloov kho thiab txhim kho mus rau qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm Txoj Cai (EU) 2023/1804. Cov cim npe tau hais meej meej hauv Tshooj 3, thiab ntawm TEN-T core network:

Hauv ntej, cov kev loj hauv EU xav tau cov chaw them hluav taws xob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov chaw them hluav taws xob ceev ceev.

Tom qab teev tus lej thiab lub zog ntawm cov chaw them hluav taws xob kom ntxaws hauv txoj cai xyoo 2023, European Commission xav tias nws tsis txaus. Cov tsheb fais fab tsuas yog xav tau cov chaw them hluav taws xob muaj zog siab xwb, thiab kuj tseem xav tau cov chaw them hluav taws xob yooj yim siv, yooj yim siv, thiab pob tshab.

Xav txog tsav koj lub tsheb fais fab tshiab kawg nrog kev xyiv fab hauv Tebchaws Europe, them nyiaj kom du hauv Fabkis nrog kev them nyiaj QR code yooj yim, kev them ceev ceev, thiab cov nqi them tawm .. Tab sis tom qab mus rau tebchaws Greece, kuv pom tias lub cev sib txuas ntawm lub taub hau phom qub thiab tsis sib xws nrog koj lub tsheb tshiab kawg. Kuv tau mus ncig ntau qhov chaw them nyiaj tab sis tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav tau rab phom them nyiaj tsim nyog. Yog li koj mus rau Bulgaria, lub tebchaws nyob ze ntawm Greece, qhov chaw koj tuaj yeem ntxig rab phom, tab sis koj yuav tsum siv lub tshuab POS los swipe koj daim npav thiab tsis txhawb nqa QR code them nyiaj. Koj poob siab vim koj tsis nqa daim npav txhab nyiaj nrog koj thiab lub roj teeb seem ntawm lub tsheb tsawg dua 20 kilometers. Qhov kev paub tsis zoo li cas.

Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los koom ua ke lub cev sib txuas lus thiab kev sib txuas lus ntawm lub chaw them nqi.

Hauv Txoj Cai (EU) 2025/656 ntawm kev hloov roj av, qhov kev tsom mus rau qhov qhia meej tias cov kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov chaw them hluav taws xob tshiab lossis kho dua tshiab yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm IEC 62196-2: 2022 thiab IEC 62196-3: 2022, ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm ISO 15118-2: 2016 thiab ISO 15118-20: 2022 raws li tau hais los saum toj no.

Qhov laj thawj rau kev xaiv tsis siv DIN 70121 ua tus qauv kev sib txuas lus tsis nyuaj rau kwv yees.

DIN 70121 yooj yim dhau, tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg encryption thaum sib txuas lus, thiab tsis txhawb nqa PNC (plug thiab ua si), uas ua rau lub nra hnyav rau cov neeg siv kawg thiab tsis yooj yim heev. Thiab nrog rau PNC function, cov neeg siv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm yuav luag tsis tas xav, ntsaws rab phom thiab tsis txhob txhawj txog dab tsi - tsis tas yuav swipe daim npav, tsis tas yuav scan tus lej, tsis tas yuav nyem rau ntawm qhov screen. Tom qab them nyiaj, tus neeg teb xov tooj yuav xa cov ntaub ntawv them nqi rau koj.

Thiab los ntawm xyoo 2027, txhua lub AC thiab DC pawg yuav txhawb nqa 15118-20 (feem ntau yog VG ua haujlwm), feem ntau rau qhov kev teeb tsa tag nrho ntawm lub grid. Ib lub tsheb fais fab tshiab yuav tsis yog qhov teeb meem loj, tab sis yog tias muaj 100000 lossis txawm tias lab lub tsheb, lub zog khaws cia yog qhov tseem ceeb. Yog tias thaum lub sijhawm siv hluav taws xob ntau tshaj plaws, ib feem ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm lub tsheb raug pub rov qab rau lub grid, nws tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub grid yam tsis tas yuav xa ntau lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Hauv hav hluav taws xob, lub zog ntau dhau los ntawm lub grid fais fab tuaj yeem xa mus rau lub tsheb yam tsis tas yuav nkim hluav taws xob. Cov chaw them nqi nrog lub peev xwm txuas grid yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv qee thaj chaw deb ntawm Tebchaws Europe, qhov twg cov txheej txheem tsim hluav taws xob tseem ceeb vam khom cua thiab lub zog hnub ci. Cov peev txheej zog no yog lub sijhawm rhiab heev thiab yuav tsum tau khaws cia, txwv tsis pub lawv yuav raug nkim.

Hauv ntej, los ntawm cov cai hloov kho tshiab ntawm kev hloov pauv roj uas tau tso tawm xyoo 2025, koj tuaj yeem pom tseeb tias Tebchaws Europe muaj kev txiav txim siab thiab kev kub ntxhov hauv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob tshiab. Txwv tsis pub, nws yuav tsis tas yuav tsum siv rau thaum ntxov xyoo 2026, rau lub hlis tom qab nws tso tawm.

Vim tias nws yog ib qho kev cai lij choj, nws tsis yog ib qho kev ntshai rau txhua tus, tab sis yog ib qho kev thov tiag tiag. Hauv lub vev xaib saib xyuas European rau kev hloov pauv roj, cov ntaub ntawv ntxaws ntxaws tau teev tseg, uas cia koj pom meej thiab pom kev nce qib ntawm txhua lub tebchaws.

Tom qab cov cai tau tso tawm, cov teb chaws European tau pib teb sai sai. Fabkis tau tshaj tawm thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2025 tias nws yuav muab kev pab nyiaj rau kev lag luam rau kev yuav cov tsheb fais fab ntiag tug; Thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2025, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tau tso tawm ib txoj kev npaj tseem ceeb rau kev them nqi rau cov khoom siv hauv paus tsev los ntawm xyoo 2030, uas ua raws li European Union Regulation (AFIR) 2023/1804; Hauv Ltalis, nrog rau kev pab nyiaj rau daim coupon, feem ntawm kev ua lag luam ntawm cov tsheb fais fab huv yuav tsuas yog nce siab li 12.2% hauv xyoo 2025. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2025, lub tebchaws me me nyob deb nroog ntawm Cyprus hauv Tebchaws Europe tab tom npaj yuav faib 4.5 lab euros los txhawb kev siv hluav taws xob.

Cov tuam txhab tsheb loj kuj tau pib tsim cov qauv uas ua raws li 15118-20. Lub tsheb BMW iX3 uas yog lub tuam txhab tsheb qub xyoo 2026 txhawb nqa VG tag nrho; Lub Hyundai IONIQ, uas tsis muag tau zoo hauv Suav teb, kuj npaj yuav koom tes thiab tsim cov qauv 15118-20 hauv xyoo 2026; Mercedes Benz's EQS thiab Volkswagen's ID series kuj tau npaj tseg.

Rau cov lag luam hauv tsev uas koom nrog kev lag luam xa tawm, txawm tias koj txaus siab lossis tsis txaus siab, thiab seb koj puas muaj peev xwm tsim cov SECC modules ntawm koj tus kheej, ISO 15118-2 thiab 15118-20 yog cov qauv uas tsis tuaj yeem hla dhau rau kev xa tawm mus rau Tebchaws Europe.

Tam sim no, raws li tus sau ntawv nkag siab, muaj ob peb lub tuam txhab ua lag luam hauv khw uas txhawb nqa ISO 15118-2 ntsaws thiab ua si them (PNC hom), thiab yuav luag tsis muaj kev them nqi bidirectional uas txhawb nqa ISO 15118-20.

Es tsis txhob tos thiab saib, nws zoo dua los npaj ua ntej thiab ntes cov cib fim ua lag luam. Zoo li DIN 70121 tau hais ua ntej, nws tau siv dav ob peb xyoos dhau los.