Mulingo Watsopano wa EN ISO 15118-1 / 2 wama EV Charging Stations

Zofunikira Zatsopano pa Malo Olipirira: EN ISO 15118-1 Standard

Bungwe la European Commission latulutsa chisankho chomwe chidzakhudza kwambiri opanga magalimoto amagetsi ndi zomangamanga zochapira. Kuyambira chaka chamawa, malo ochapira ayenera kutsatira miyezo ya ISO 15118. VDE Institute yapereka ntchito zingapo zoyesera kusintha ndipo ikupanga njira zambiri zoyesera kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikutsatira miyezo.

Kuyambira pa Januwale 8, 2026, malo onse ochapira anthu onse ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za miyezo ya EN ISO 15118-1 mpaka -5. Kuyambira pa Januwale 1, 2027, kukhazikitsidwa kwa muyezo wa EN ISO 15118-20 kudzakhala kofunikira, kuphatikizapo malo ochapira anthu payekha kapena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono pagulu. Miyezo iyi ndiyo maziko a zinthu zomwe zidzakhalepo mtsogolo monga "plug and play," kulumikizana kotetezeka pakati pa magalimoto ndi malo ochapira, komanso kuchapira magalimoto mbali zonse ziwiri (kuchoka pagalimoto kupita ku gridi).

Kodi tanthauzo la EN ISO 15118-1/2 Standard ndi chiyani?

Bungwe la VDE Testing and Certification Institute linayankha msanga zofunikira zatsopano za malamulo ndipo pakadali pano likupanga njira zoyesera zokhazikika. Cholinga chake ndikupereka mayeso okwanira komanso ntchito zodalirika zotsimikizira kwa opanga malo ochapira a AC ndi DC kuyambira pachiyambi, kutengera muyezo wa ISO 15118, kuti atsimikizire kuti zinthu zawo zikukwaniritsa zofunikira.

Ntchito za VDE Institute za ISO 15118 zikuphatikizapo kuyesa kugwirizana ndi kutsata njira zoyendetsera ntchito zolipirira, kukonzekera malipoti oyesera ovomerezeka ndi satifiketi yotsimikizira kutsata malamulo, komanso kuwunika kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zatsopano monga plug-and-play ndi V2G.

Malamulo a ku Ulaya okhudza milu yochajira, IEC 61851-24:2014/2023 Annex C, akhala akunena momveka bwino kuti kulumikizana kwapamwamba kwa milu yochajira ya DC kuyenera kutsatira DIN SPEC 70121:2014 kapena ISO 15118-2:2014 (chimodzi kapena zonse ziwiri zitha kuthandizidwa).

Chofunika ichi chimabweretsa vuto kwa makampani ena ochaja zinthu m'nyumba.

Kusiyana kwa mawonekedwe a thupi kulipo. Muyezo wa ku Ulaya umagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a CCS2 (Combined Charging System 2), pomwe ma soketi olowera a AC ndi DC amagawana mawonekedwe amodzi; muyezo wa ku China umagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a System B, kulekanitsa ma inputs a AC ndi DC. Kusiyana kumeneku kumatha kuthetsedwa mwa kutsatira mosamalitsa muyezo wa IEC 62196 (womwe umalongosola momveka bwino miyeso ya thupi ndi zofunikira pakugwira ntchito), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta.

Njira yolankhulirana imasiyana. Iyi ndi chotchinga chachikulu chaukadaulo. Nozzle yodziwika bwino yaku China yokhala ndi mizere yosiyana ya CAN+ ndi CAN-signal, ndipo kulumikizana kwa mulu woyatsira magalimoto kumagwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kwa CAN; pomwe nozzle yodziwika bwino yaku Europe yokhala ndi mzere woyatsira ilibe mzere wa CAN, pogwiritsa ntchito PLC (Power Line Communication), yolumikiza chizindikiro cha ma frequency apamwamba ku chizindikiro cha 12V, 1kHz PWM chotsika-frequency pulse width modulation pakati pa mizere ya CP ndi PE. Poyerekeza ndi kulumikizana kwa CAN, kupanga njira yolumikizirana ya PLC ndikovuta kwambiri, ndipo zolemba zotseguka ndizosowa. Chifukwa chake, makampani ambiri oyitanitsa mulu amagula ma module osiyana a SECC (Supply Equipment Communication Controller), ndikuyika zambiri zawo zoyatsira kudzera pa ma signal a CAN ndikutumiza ku module ya SECC, yomwe kenako imalumikizana ndi module ya EVCC (EV Communication Controller) yagalimoto.

Komabe, kugula kapena kupanga gawo lanu la SECC ndi gawo loyamba lokha. Pambuyo poti gawo la SECC layikidwa mu mulu wochapira, ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti gawoli, likagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mulu wonse wochapira, likutsatira zofunikira za European DIN SPEC 70121:2014 kapena ISO 15118-2:2014.

Pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama, makampani ambiri ochaja amasankha kuthandizira DIN SPEC 70121 yokha chifukwa kugula ma module a SECC ndikotsika mtengo komanso kosavuta kuyesa.

Kodi pali kusiyana kwakukulu kotani pakati pa miyezo ya DIN 70121 ndi mndandanda wa ISO 15118 wa ma DC charging piles?

Kungothandiza DIN 70121 sikukwaniranso kukwaniritsa zofunikira zaposachedwa za EU.

EU idasindikiza COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) 2025/656 mu June 2025. Lamuloli ndi lowonjezera komanso kusintha kwa REGULATION (EU) 2023/1804 yokhudza kuyatsa opanda zingwe, machitidwe amagetsi pamsewu, ndi kupereka kwa haidrojeni pamagalimoto oyendera pamsewu. Yotulutsidwa mu 2023, REGULATION (EU) 2023/1804, yomwe imadziwika kwambiri kuti Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR), ndi lamulo lofunika kwambiri lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi European Union kuti lifulumizitse kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka mpweya wopanda mpweya ndikuthana ndi kuperewera kwa zomangamanga zina zamafuta (magetsi, haidrojeni, ndi zina zotero). Cholinga chake ndikulamula mayiko omwe ali mamembala kuti akonze maukonde awo oyendetsera magetsi ndi kudzaza mafuta kudzera mu malamulo, kuchepetsa nkhawa ya ogwiritsa ntchito pankhani ya malo ndi kudzaza mafuta, ndikuthandizira kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amagetsi (EVs), magalimoto a hydrogen fuel cell (FCEVs), ndi magalimoto akuluakulu amagetsi.

Mwachidule, EU yatulutsa mtundu wosinthidwa wa Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR), womwe uli ndi mphamvu zonse zalamulo, ndi wofunikira, ndipo umagwira ntchito mwachindunji kumayiko onse omwe ali mamembala.

Zosintha zofunika zikuphatikizapo: Pambuyo pa Januwale 8, 2026, malo onse ochapira omwe amapezeka poyera ndipo angoyikidwa kumene kapena kukonzedwanso, kuphatikiza malo ochapira a AC ndi DC, ayenera kutsatira zofunikira za EN ISO 15118-2:2016. Pambuyo pa Januwale 1, 2027, malo onse ochapira omwe ali pagulu omwe angoyikidwa kumene kapena kukonzedwanso, kuphatikiza ma AC ndi DC charging piles, ayenera kutsatira EN ISO 15118-20:2022. Ngati malo ochapira amapereka ntchito zodziwitsira zokha komanso zovomerezeka, monga PNC (plug-and-charge), iyenera kutsatira EN ISO 15118-2:2016 ndi standard EN ISO 15118-20:2022. Pambuyo pa Januwale 1, 2027, malo onse ochapira omwe ali pagulu omwe angoyikidwa kumene kapena kukonzedwanso, pa malo ochapira a Mode 2 AC, ayenera kutsatira EN IEC 61851-1:2019; Pa ma pile a Mode 3 AC ndi ma pile a Mode 4 DC, ayenera kutsatira EN ISO 15118-20:2022. Mwachidule, malo onse atsopano kapena okonzedwanso a DC omwe adayikidwa pambuyo pa 2026 ayenera kutsatira EN ISO 15118-2:2016. Malo onse atsopano kapena okonzedwanso a DC omwe adayikidwa pambuyo pa 2027 ayeneranso kutsatira EN ISO 15118-20:2022.

M'banja la malo ochajira, ma Mode 2 IC-CPD okha ndi omwe ali kunja kwa lamuloli. Ku China, malo ochajira onyamulika awa amatchedwa "ma charger okwera magalimoto," ndipo ku Europe, mphamvu zawo nthawi zambiri sizipitirira 3.7kW. REGULATION (EU) 2025/656 ikufotokoza kuti PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) ndi yokwanira pa malo ochajira a Mode 2 AC, omwe amathandizira ISO 15118-2 kapena 20, ndipo sabweretsa phindu lina lililonse kwa wogwiritsa ntchito.

Kwa makampani ochapira m'nyumba, lamulo latsopanoli lingapangitse zopinga zazikulu zaukadaulo. Poyamba, kutsatira DIN 70121 kunali kofunikira, koma posakhalitsa, kuthandizira ISO 15118 kunalamulidwa; kuthandizira ISO 15118-2 ndi ISO 15118-20 kunafunikanso. Makampani ena ochapira omwe akufuna kufalikira kunja sanadziwe bwino miyezo iyi ndipo amafunikira kumvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pa DIN SPEC 70121, ISO 15118-2, ndi ISO 15118-20, ndi cholinga chothandizira. Nchifukwa chiyani pali miyezo yambiri yolumikizirana ndi kutchapira magalimoto ku Europe?

Kusintha kwa Miyezo ya ISO 15118 Series: Kuchokera ku Transitional Solution kupita ku Global Benchmark

Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2010, gulu logwira ntchito limodzi la Komiti Yaukadaulo ya IEC 69 ​​(TC69) ndi Komiti Yaukadaulo ya ISO 22 (TC22) linayamba kugwirizana pa miyezo ya mndandanda wa ISO 15118, likuyembekeza kuthetsa vuto la kulumikizana kogwirizana pakati pa magalimoto amagetsi ndi milu yochaja. Chifukwa gulu logwira ntchitolo linaganizira nkhani zosiyanasiyana ndipo cholinga chake chinali kukhala ndi mtundu waukulu komanso wogwirizana, nthawi yokonzekera miyezo ya mndandanda wa ISO 15118 inali yayitali kwambiri, ndipo kutulutsidwa kwake kovomerezeka kunachedwa.

Koma msika sunathe kudikira. Opanga magalimoto aku Germany, makamaka, akufunitsitsa kuti magalimoto awo amagetsi akwaniritse zomangamanga zofananira zolipirira mwachangu momwe angathere kuti apeze phindu pamsika. Chifukwa chake, okhudzidwa ndi mafakitale aku Germany adagwirizana, ndipo, mkati mwa dongosolo la DIN, adatenga mbali zazikulu kuchokera pazokambirana za ISO 15118 kuti apange muyezo wadziko lonse waku Germany womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi yomweyo. DIN SPEC 70121 idasindikizidwa mu 2012; idasinthidwa mu 2014; ndipo muyezo wake woyesera, DIN SPEC 70122:2018, udasindikizidwa mu 2018.

Muyezo wa ISO 15118 unatulutsidwa mochedwa, ndipo mtundu woyamba unasindikizidwa mwalamulo mu 2013. Miyezo yeniyeni ya magawo ogwiritsira ntchito ndi miyezo yoyesera idatulutsidwa pambuyo pake mu 2014 ndi 2018. ISO 15118 ndi mndandanda waukulu wa miyezo yomwe yakula mofulumira. Mbadwo woyamba wa miyezo yokhudzana ndi kuyitanitsa koyendetsa umaphatikizapo miyezo isanu iyi: ISO 15118-1 (Zofunikira Zonse ndi Mafotokozedwe a Nkhani Yogwiritsa Ntchito), ISO 15118-2 (Zofunikira za Pulogalamu ya Pulogalamu ya Magawo Ogwiritsira Ntchito), ISO 15118-3 (Zofunikira za Magawo Ogwiritsira Ntchito ndi Magawo Olumikizirana ndi Data), ISO 15118-4 (Zofunikira za Magawo Ogwiritsira Ntchito), ndi ISO 15118-5 (Zofunikira za Magawo Ogwiritsira Ntchito). DIN SPEC 70121:2014 ikhoza kuwonedwa ngati mtundu wosavuta wa ISO 15118-2/3. DIN SPEC 70121 imathandizira kuyitanitsa kwa DC kokha, pomwe miyezo ya ISO 15118-1 mpaka 5 imathandizira kuyitanitsa kwa AC ndi DC nthawi imodzi, komanso imathandizira kubisa kwa TLS, magwiridwe antchito a plug-and-charge (PNC), komanso kuyitanitsa mwanzeru.

Mu 2022, mndandanda wa ISO 15118 unatulutsa muyezo wake wachiwiri wochapira, womwe ndi ISO 15118-20:2022, womwe watchulidwa pamwambapa. Poyerekeza ndi ISO 15118-2, umathandizanso ntchito za TLS 1.3 encryption, V2G (galimoto kupita ku gridi), WPT (kuchapira opanda zingwe), ndi ACD (chida cholumikizira chokha), ndipo uli ndi miyezo yoyesera yofanana: Mayeso Ofala a 15118-21, Mayeso Odziwika a 15118-23 DC, Mayeso Odziwika a 15118-22 AC (osatulutsidwabe), Mayeso Odziwika a 15118-24 ACD (osatulutsidwabe), ndi Mayeso Odziwika a 15118-25 WPT (osatulutsidwabe). DIN SPEC 70121 idapangidwa poyamba ngati njira yosinthira kuti ithandizire kukula mwachangu kwa msika wamagalimoto amagetsi ISO 15118 isanatulutsidwe. Komabe, posankha njira zolumikizirana pakati pa malo ochapira ndi magalimoto, ngakhale galimoto ndi malo ochapira zonse zikugwirizana ndi DIN SPEC 70121 ndi ISO 15118, DIN SPEC 70121 ikupitilizabe kukhala yodziwika bwino m'zochitika zambiri. Kupatula phindu loyamba la DIN SPEC 70121, kusowa kwa njira zogwiritsira ntchito zapamwamba komanso zovuta (TLS/PNC/V2G/WPT, ndi zina zotero) ndiye chifukwa chachikulu.

N’chifukwa chiyani malamulo atsopano okhudza zomangamanga zosinthira mafuta tsopano akufunika thandizo lonse la ISO 15118-2 ndi ISO 15118-20?

Mfundo yaikulu ya kukwezedwa kwa miyezo ya ISO 15118 ndi EU

European Commission ili ndi mfundo zokhudzana ndi mfundo za mafakitale.

Dongosolo lothandizira mafuta (Directive 2014/94/EU on the put of alternative fuel infrastructure) linasindikizidwa koyamba mu 2014, koma silinali lamulo panthawiyo, koma linali lamulo lokha.

Malangizo amasiyana ndi malamulo ofunikira chifukwa amangotchula zotsatira zomwe ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa, koma safotokoza momveka bwino zofunikira, zomwe zimathandiza mayiko omwe ali mamembala kupanga njira zoyendetsera ntchito pawokha.

Mwachitsanzo, malangizo a zomangamanga zina zamafuta a 2014 adaphatikizaponso zofunikira pa malo ochapira, malo odzaza mafuta a hydrogen, ndi malo odzaza mafuta a gasi, koma adangonena kuti ayenera kukhala ndi "kuchuluka koyenera," popanda kutchula zolinga za manambala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kugawikana komanso chitukuko chosagwirizana cha zomangamanga ku EU konse. Mayiko omwe ali ndi makina amagetsi opangidwa bwino komanso ofalikira (EV) mwachibadwa ali ofunitsitsa kuyika ndalama, pomwe omwe ali ndi chitukuko chochedwa cha EV akupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono. M'zaka zaposachedwa, chitukuko cha EV padziko lonse lapansi chakhala chofulumira (kulowa kwa EV ku China kwapitirira 50%), koma ku Europe, zomangamanga zochapira zochepa komanso ntchito zovuta zapangitsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito EV asamagwiritse ntchito bwino, zomwe zikulepheretsa kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka zero-carbon.

DIN SPEC 70121, monga mgwirizano wosinthira, yakhala ikugwira ntchito ngati muyezo wodziwika bwino wolipirira, zomwe ndi umboni wa izi.

Bungwe la European Commission linazindikira kufunika kofulumizitsa ntchito yomanga nyumba zatsopano zamagetsi; apo ayi, sikungakhale kovuta kukwaniritsa zolinga zochepetsera mpweya mu 2050 komanso kutsalira m'mpikisano m'mafakitale opanga magalimoto ndi magetsi ogawidwa. Pofuna kusintha vutoli, EU idasintha Directive 2014/94/EU kukhala lamulo (REGULATION (EU) 2023/1804) mu 2023, zomwe zimafotokoza momveka bwino cholinga chake: pofika chaka cha 2025, malo ochapira okhala ndi mphamvu yonse ya 400kW ayenera kukhazikitsidwa pamtunda wa makilomita 60 aliwonse. Malo ochapira awa ayenera kukhala ndi mulu umodzi wokha wochapira wokhala ndi mphamvu ya 150kW kapena kuposerapo. Pofika chaka cha 2027: Kufunikira kwa mphamvu yonse pa malo ochapira pa makilomita 60 kudzawonjezeka kufika pa 600kW, ndipo kuyenera kukhala ndi malo ochapira osachepera amodzi okhala ndi mphamvu ya 150kW kapena kuposerapo.

Bungwe la European Commission lili ndi mfundo zokhudzana ndi mfundo za mafakitale.

Lamulo lokhudza Kutumiza Zida Zina za Mafuta (Directive 2014/94/EU) linaperekedwa koyamba mu 2014, poyamba ngati lamulo osati lamulo.

Mosiyana ndi zofunikira za malamulo, malangizo amatchula zotsatira zomwe mukufuna popanda kuziyeza bwino, zomwe zimathandiza mayiko omwe ali mamembala kupanga njira zawo zogwiritsira ntchito.

Mwachitsanzo, Lamulo la 2014 la Zomangamanga Zamafuta Ena linafotokozanso zofunikira pa malo ochapira, malo odzaza mafuta a hydrogen, ndi malo odzaza mafuta a CNG, koma linangonena kuti "kuchuluka koyenera kwa malo ophimbira" popanda kutchula ziwerengero zenizeni. Izi zinapangitsa kuti pakhale kugawikana komanso chitukuko chosafanana cha zomangamanga ku EU konse. Mayiko omwe ali ndi chitukuko cha magalimoto amagetsi apamwamba komanso ofalikira mwachibadwa ali ofunitsitsa kuyika ndalama, pomwe mayiko omwe ali ndi chitukuko cha magalimoto amagetsi pang'onopang'ono akupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono. M'zaka zaposachedwa, msika wapadziko lonse wa magalimoto amagetsi (EV) wakula mofulumira (kulowa kwa magalimoto amagetsi ku China kwapitirira 50%). Komabe, ku Europe, zomangamanga zochapira zofooka ndi ntchito zovuta zapangitsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito magetsi asamagwire bwino ntchito, zomwe zikulepheretsa kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka mpweya wopanda mpweya.

DIN SPEC 70121, monga mgwirizano wosinthira, yakhala ikugwira ntchito ngati muyezo wodziwika bwino wolipirira, zomwe ndi umboni wa izi.

Bungwe la European Commission linazindikira kufunika kofulumizitsa ntchito yomanga nyumba zatsopano zamagetsi; apo ayi, sikuti zimangokhala zovuta kukwaniritsa zolinga zochepetsera mpweya zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa mu 2050 komanso kutsalira m'mpikisano m'mafakitale opanga magalimoto ndi magetsi ogawidwa. Pofuna kusintha vutoli, EU idasintha Directive 2014/94/EU kukhala lamulo (REGULATION (EU) 2023/1804) mu 2023, zomwe zimafotokoza momveka bwino zolingazo: Pofika chaka cha 2025: malo ochapira okhala ndi mphamvu yonse ya osachepera 400kW ayenera kukhazikitsidwa pamtunda wa makilomita 60 aliwonse. Malo ochapira awa ayenera kukhala ndi mulu umodzi wokha wa 150kW kapena kupitirira apo. Pofika chaka cha 2027: mphamvu yonse yofunikira pa malo ochapira makilomita 60 aliwonse idzawonjezeka kufika pa 600kW, ndipo iyenera kukhala ndi mulu umodzi wokha wa 150kW kapena kupitirira apo.