Ibipimo bishya EN ISO 15118-1 / 2 kuri EV Yishyuza

Ibisabwa bishya kuri sitasiyo zo gushyushya: EN ISO 15118-1 Standard

Komisiyo y’Uburayi yashyize ahagaragara icyemezo kizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku nganda zose zikora ibikorwa remezo by’amashanyarazi n’ibijyanye no gusharija. Guhera umwaka utaha, ahantu ho gusharija hagomba kubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho ya ISO 15118. Ikigo cya VDE cyatanze serivisi nyinshi zo gupima uburyo bwo guhangana n’ibibazo kandi kirimo gutegura uburyo bwinshi bwo gupima kugira ngo harebwe ko amabwiriza yubahirizwa.

Guhera ku ya 8 Mutarama 2026, ahantu hose ho gushyurira amafaranga hagomba kuba hujuje ibisabwa n'ibipimo ngenderwaho bya EN ISO 15118-1 kugeza kuri -5. Guhera ku ya 1 Mutarama 2027, ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ibipimo ngenderwaho bya EN ISO 15118-20 rizaba itegeko, harimo no ku hantu ho gushyurira amafaranga hifashishijwe abikorera ku giti cyabo cyangwa mu buryo buciriritse. Aya mahame ni yo shingiro ry'ibintu bizakoreshwa mu gihe kizaza nko "gushyiramo umuriro mu kirere," itumanaho ritekanye hagati y'ibinyabiziga n'aho gushyurira, no gushyurira amafaranga mu cyerekezo cy'ibinyabiziga (kuva ku modoka kugera ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi).

Ni iki gisobanuro cy’ibipimo ngenderwaho bya EN ISO 15118-1/2?

Ikigo gishinzwe ibizamini n’impamyabushobozi cya VDE cyasubije hakiri kare ibisabwa mu mategeko mashya kandi ubu kirimo gutegura uburyo bwo gupima busanzwe. Intego ni ugutanga serivisi zuzuye zo gupima no kwemeza serivisi zizewe ku bakora ibyuma bitanga amashanyarazi bya AC na DC kuva mu ntangiriro, hashingiwe ku gipimo cya ISO 15118, kugira ngo ibicuruzwa byabo byujuje ibisabwa.

Serivisi z’Ikigo cya VDE kuri ISO 15118 zirimo gukorana n’ibigo bipima ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza, gutegura raporo z’ibizamini bisanzwe n’ibyemezo byerekana ko bihuye n’ibipimo, no gusuzuma uburyo ibintu bishya bihuzwa nka plug-and-play na V2G.

Amabwiriza y’i Burayi yerekeye uburyo bwo gushyushya imigozi, IEC 61851-24:2014/2023 Annex C, amaze igihe kinini avuga neza ko itumanaho ryo ku rwego rwo hejuru ku migozi yo gushyushya imigozi ya DC rigomba kubahiriza DIN SPEC 70121:2014 cyangwa ISO 15118-2:2014 (imwe cyangwa zombi zishobora gushyigikirwa).

Iki gisabwa gitera imbogamizi ku bigo bimwe na bimwe byo mu gihugu bitanga amafaranga yo kwishyuza.

Itandukaniro ry’imiterere y’umubiri rirahari. Urwego rw’Uburayi rukoresha uburyo bwa CCS2 (Combined Charging System 2), aho amasoko y’ingufu za AC na DC ahurira ku buryo bumwe; Urwego rw’Ubushinwa rukoresha uburyo bwa System B, rutandukanya uburyo bwa AC na DC. Iri tandukaniro rishobora gukemurwa hubahirizwa amabwiriza ya IEC 62196 (agaragaza neza ingano y’imiterere n’ibisabwa mu mikorere), bigatuma byoroha mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga.

Uburyo bwo gutumanaho buratandukanye. Ubu ni imbogamizi nyamukuru mu ikoranabuhanga. Umunwa usanzwe wo mu Bushinwa wo gushyushya ufite imirongo itandukanye ya CAN+ na CAN-signal, kandi itumanaho ry’ikirundo cyo gushyushya imodoka rikoresha itumanaho rya CAN; mu gihe umunwa usanzwe wo mu Burayi wo gushyushya imodoka udafite umurongo wa CAN, ukoresha PLC (Power Line Communication), uhuza ikimenyetso cya frequency yo hejuru n'ikimenyetso cya 12V, 1kHz PWM cy'ubugari bw'impeshyi hagati y'imirongo ya CP na PE. Ugereranyije n'itumanaho rya CAN, guteza imbere protocole y'itumanaho rya PLC biragoye cyane, kandi inyandiko zifunguye ni nkeya. Kubwibyo, amasosiyete menshi yo gushyushya ububiko agura module zitandukanye za SECC (Supply Equipment Communication Controller), agapfunyika amakuru yabo yo gushyushya binyuze mu bimenyetso bya CAN hanyuma akayohereza kuri module ya SECC, hanyuma ikavugana na module ya EVCC (EV Communication Controller) y'imodoka.

Ariko, kugura cyangwa guteza imbere module yawe ya SECC ni intambwe ya mbere gusa. Nyuma yuko module ya SECC ishyizwe mu mukingo wo gusharija, biracyakenewe kwemezwa ko module, iyo ikoreshejwe mu mukingo wose wo gusharija, ikurikiza ibisabwa n’ibipimo ngenderwaho bya DIN SPEC 70121:2014 cyangwa ISO 15118-2:2014 mu Burayi.

Kugira ngo hagabanuke ikiguzi, amasosiyete menshi yo gushyushya ibyuma ahitamo gushyigikira DIN SPEC 70121 gusa kuko kugura module za SECC bihendutse kandi byoroshye kubigerageza.

Ni irihe tandukaniro ry'ingenzi riri hagati y'amahame ngenderwaho ya DIN 70121 n'uruhererekane rwa ISO 15118 ku bikoresho byo gushyushya DC?

Gushyigikira DIN 70121 gusa ntibihagije kugira ngo bihuze ibisabwa biheruka by’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi.

Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi wasohoye AMABWIRIZA YA KOMISIYO YAGENEWE KOMISSIYO (EU) 2025/656 muri Kamena 2025. Iri tegeko ni inyongera n’ivugurura ry’AMABWIRIZA (EU) 2023/1804 yerekeye gusharija nta mashini zikoresha insinga, sisitemu z’amashanyarazi, n’itangwa rya hydrogen ku binyabiziga bitwara abantu mu muhanda. Ryasohotse mu 2023, AMABWIRIZA (EU) 2023/1804, azwi cyane nka Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR), ni itegeko ry’ingenzi ryashyizweho n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi kugira ngo ryihutishe inzira yo gutwara ibintu bihumanya ikirere no gukemura ikibazo cy’ibikorwa remezo bidahagije bya lisansi (amashanyarazi, hydrogen, nibindi). Intego yaryo ni ugutegeka ibihugu bigize umuryango kunoza imiyoboro yabyo yo gusharija no kongeramo lisansi binyuze mu mategeko, kugabanya impungenge z’abakoresha ku bijyanye n’ahantu hatandukanye no kongeramo lisansi, no gushyigikira ikoreshwa rinini ry’ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi (EV), ibinyabiziga bifite amashanyarazi ya hydrogen (FCEV), n’amakamyo akoresha amashanyarazi akomeye.

Muri make, EU yasohoye verisiyo ivuguruye y’Itegeko ry’ibikorwa remezo by’ibikomoka kuri peteroli (AFIR), rifite ububasha busesuye, ni itegeko, kandi rireba ibihugu byose bigize umuryango.

Ivugurura ry'ingenzi ririmo: Nyuma ya 8 Mutarama 2026, sitasiyo zose zo gushyushya zigerwa n'abantu bose kandi zigashyirwamo cyangwa zivugururwa, harimo na sitasiyo za AC na DC, zigomba nibura kubahiriza ibisabwa na EN ISO 15118-2:2016. Nyuma ya 1 Mutarama 2027, sitasiyo zose zo gushyushya mu mutungo rusange zishyizweho cyangwa zivugururwa, harimo na sitasiyo za AC na DC, zigomba nibura kubahiriza EN ISO 15118-20:2022. Niba sitasiyo yo gushyushya itanga serivisi zo kwemeza no kwemerera, nka PNC (plug-and-charge), igomba kubahiriza EN ISO 15118-2:2016 na EN ISO 15118-20:2022 isanzwe. Nyuma ya 1 Mutarama 2027, sitasiyo zose zo gushyushya mu myanya yihariye yo kongera gushyushya zishyizweho cyangwa zivugururwa, ku myanya yo gushyushya ya AC ya Mode 2, zigomba kubahiriza EN IEC 61851-1:2019; Ku bijyanye n'imirongo yo gusana ya Mode 3 AC na Mode 4 DC, bigomba kubahiriza EN ISO 15118-20:2022. Muri make, sitasiyo zose nshya cyangwa zavuguruwe za DC zashyizweho nyuma ya 2026 zigomba kubahiriza EN ISO 15118-2:2016. Sitasiyo zose nshya cyangwa zavuguruwe za DC na sitasiyo zo gusana za Mode 3 AC zashyizweho nyuma ya 2027 na zo zigomba kubahiriza EN ISO 15118-20:2022.

Mu muryango w’ibikoresho byo gusharija, ni Mode 2 IC-CPD gusa zitari mu nshingano z’iri tegeko. Mu Bushinwa, izi sitasiyo zo gusharija zigendanwa zitwa "chargers zishyirwa ku modoka," kandi mu Burayi, imbaraga zazo ubusanzwe ntizirenga 3.7kW. ITEGEKO NSHINGA (EU) 2025/656 risobanura ko PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) ihagije kuri sitasiyo zo gusharija za Mode 2 AC, ishyigikira ISO 15118-2 cyangwa 20, kandi nta n'agaciro k'inyongera izazanira umukoresha wa nyuma.

Ku bigo bitanga amashanyarazi mu gihugu, iri tegeko rishya rishobora guteza imbogamizi zikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga. Mbere na mbere, kubahiriza DIN 70121 byari bikenewe, ariko nyuma gato, hashyizweho itegeko ryo gushyigikira ISO 15118; hakenewe kandi inkunga kuri ISO 15118-2 na ISO 15118-20. Amwe mu masosiyete atanga amashanyarazi ashaka kwaguka mu mahanga ntiyari azi aya mahame kandi yari akeneye gusobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati ya DIN SPEC 70121, ISO 15118-2, na ISO 15118-20, n'intego yo kuyashyigikira. Kuki hari amahame menshi yo gutumanaho ku bijyanye no gutanga amashanyarazi ku binyabiziga mu Burayi?

Iterambere ry'Amahame ngenderwaho ya ISO 15118: Kuva ku gisubizo cy'inzibacyuho kugera ku kimenyetso cy'isi yose

Mu ntangiriro za 2010, itsinda rihuriweho rya Komite Tekiniki ya IEC 69 ​​(TC69) na Komite Tekiniki ya ISO 22 (TC22) ryatangiye gukorana ku mahame ngenderwaho ya ISO 15118, ryizeye gukemura ikibazo cy’itumanaho rihuriweho hagati y’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi n’imiyoboro yo kwishyuza. Kubera ko itsinda ry’abakozi ryasuzumye ibibazo byinshi kandi rigamije verisiyo nini kandi ijyanye nayo, igihe cyo gutegura amahame ngenderwaho ya ISO 15118 cyari kirekire cyane, kandi ishyirwa ahagaragara ryayo ryatinze.

Ariko isoko ntiryashoboraga gutegereza. By’umwihariko, abakora imodoka bo mu Budage bifuza ko imodoka zabo zikoresha amashanyarazi zigera ku bikorwa remezo bihuriweho byo gusharija vuba bishoboka kugira ngo babone inyungu ku isoko. Kubwibyo, abafatanyabikorwa mu nganda zo mu Budage bishyize hamwe, kandi, mu rwego rwa DIN, bakuyemo ibintu bikuze mu biganiro bya ISO 15118 kugira ngo bategure amahame ngenderwaho y’igihugu cy’Ubudage ashobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa ako kanya. DIN SPEC 70121 yasohotse mu 2012; yavuguruwe mu 2014; naho amahame ngenderwaho yo gupima, DIN SPEC 70122:2018, yasohotse mu 2018.

Igipimo cya ISO 15118 cyasohotse nyuma, verisiyo ya mbere ishyirwa ahagaragara ku mugaragaro mu 2013. Amahame ngenderwaho yihariye yo gukoresha hamwe n'amahame ngenderwaho yo gupima byasohotse nyuma mu 2014 na 2018. ISO 15118 ni urukurikirane runini rw'amahame ngenderwaho rwateye imbere vuba. Igisekuru cya mbere cy'amahame ngenderwaho ajyanye no gushyushya amashanyarazi kirimo amahame atanu akurikira: ISO 15118-1 (Ibisabwa Rusange n'Ibisobanuro by'Urugero rw'Ikoreshwa), ISO 15118-2 (Ibisabwa bya Protocol y'Urugero rw'Ikoreshwa), ISO 15118-3 (Ibisabwa bya Physical Layer and Data Link Layer), ISO 15118-4 (Ibisobanuro bya Porogaramu y'Urugero rw'Ikoreshwa), na ISO 15118-5 (Ibisobanuro bya Physical Layer Test). DIN SPEC 70121:2014 irashobora kubonwa nk'uburyo bworoshye bwa ISO 15118-2/3. DIN SPEC 70121 ishyigikira gusa gusharija DC, mu gihe amahame ya ISO 15118-1 kugeza kuri 5 ashyigikira gusharija AC na DC icyarimwe, ndetse ikanashyigikira imikorere ya TLS encryption, plug-and-charge (PNC), ndetse no gusharija mu buryo bwihuse.

Mu 2022, uruhererekane rwa ISO 15118 rwasohoye igipimo cyarwo cyo gusharija cy’ikinyejana cya kabiri, ari cyo ISO 15118-20:2022, cyavuzwe haruguru. Ugereranyije na ISO 15118-2, inashyigikira uburyo bwo gufunga TLS 1.3, V2G (imodoka ijya kuri gridi), WPT (gusharija nta mugozi), na ACD (igikoresho cyo guhuza kizikora), kandi ifite ibipimo bihuye n’ibipimo: 15118-21 Ibipimo Bisanzwe, 15118-23 DC Ibipimo Bidasanzwe, 15118-22 Ibipimo Bidasanzwe bya AC (bitarasohoka), 15118-24 Ibipimo Bidasanzwe bya ACD (bitarasohoka), na 15118-25 Ibipimo Bidasanzwe bya WPT (bitarasohoka). DIN SPEC 70121 yabanje gukorwa nk'igisubizo cy'inzibacyuho kugira ngo ishyigikire iterambere ryihuse ry'isoko ry'ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi mbere yuko ISO 15118 isohoka. Ariko, mu mahitamo nyayo y'itumanaho hagati y'aho gusharija n'ibinyabiziga, nubwo imodoka n'aho gusharija byombi byaba bishyigikira DIN SPEC 70121 na ISO 15118, DIN SPEC 70121 iracyari ku isonga mu bihe byinshi. Uretse inyungu ya mbere ya DIN SPEC 70121, kutagira uburyo bwo gukoresha ibintu byo mu rwego rwo hejuru kandi bigoye (TLS/PNC/V2G/WPT, nibindi) niyo mpamvu y'ingenzi cyane.

Kuki amabwiriza mashya agenga ibikorwa remezo bisimbura ibikomoka kuri peteroli ubu akeneye inkunga yuzuye ya ISO 15118-2 na ISO 15118-20?

Impamvu nyamukuru y'uko EU isaba ko amahame ngenderwaho ya ISO 15118 ashyirwaho n'amategeko agenga ubucuruzi bw'isi

Komisiyo y'Uburayi ifite amahame y'inganda.

Ibikorwa remezo bisimbura ibikomoka kuri peteroli (Amabwiriza 2014/94/EU ku ishyirwaho ry’ibikorwa remezo bisimbura ibikomoka kuri peteroli) yasohotse bwa mbere mu 2014, ariko icyo gihe ntabwo byari itegeko, ahubwo byari amabwiriza gusa.

Amabwiriza atandukanye n'amabwiriza ategetswe kuko agaragaza gusa ibyagezweho, ariko ntagaragaza neza ibisabwa, bityo yemerera ibihugu bigize umuryango gushyiraho uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa mu bikorwa ku giti cyabyo.

Urugero, amabwiriza yo mu 2014 yerekeye ibikorwa remezo bisimbura ibikomoka kuri peteroli yari arimo kandi ibisabwa ku hantu ho gushyushya, sitasiyo zo kongeramo lisansi ya hydrogen, na sitasiyo zo kongeramo lisansi, ariko avuga gusa ko bigomba kugira "ubucucike bukwiye," hatagaragajwe intego z'imibare, biganisha ku gucikamo ibice no guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi. Ibihugu bifite sisitemu z'amashanyarazi zateye imbere kandi zikwirakwira cyane (EV) bikunze kuba byiteguye gushora imari, mu gihe abafite iterambere rito ry'amashanyarazi ya EV barimo gutera imbere buhoro buhoro. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, iterambere ry'amashanyarazi ya EV ku isi ryabaye ryihuse (ikwirakwira rya EV mu Bushinwa ryarenze 50%), ariko mu Burayi, ibikorwa remezo byo kongeramo lisansi bike n'ibikorwa bigoye byatumye abakoresha EV badakora neza, bibangamira ihinduka ry'ubwikorezi bwa zero-carbon.

DIN SPEC 70121, nk'amasezerano y'inzibacyuho, yakomeje kuba igipimo ngenderwaho cy'ingenzi cyo gushyushya, ibi bikaba ari igihamya cy'ibi.

Komisiyo y’Uburayi yemeye ko ari ngombwa kwihutisha kubaka ibikorwa remezo bishya by’ingufu; bitabaye ibyo, ntibyari kugorana kugera ku ntego zo kugabanya karuboni zo mu 2050 gusa ahubwo byari no kugabanuka mu ipiganwa mu nganda zikora ibijyanye n’ingufu zitwara imodoka n’izikwirakwizwa. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, EU yavuguruye amabwiriza ya 2014/94/EU ku itegeko (AMATEGEKO (EU) 2023/1804) mu 2023, agaragaza neza intego: bitarenze 2025, sitasiyo yo gushyushya ifite ingufu zose za 400kW igomba gushyirwaho buri kilometero 60. Iyi sitasiyo yo gushyushya igomba kuba irimo nibura ikirundo kimwe cyo gushyushya gifite ingufu za 150kW cyangwa zirenga. Bitarenze 2027: Ingufu zose zisabwa kuri sitasiyo zo gushyushya kuri kilometero 60 zizongera zigere kuri 600kW, kandi zigomba kuba zirimo nibura sitasiyo imwe yo gushyushya ifite ingufu za 150kW cyangwa zirenga.

Komisiyo y'Uburayi ifite ingamba zo gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y'inganda.

Amabwiriza yerekeye ishyirwaho ry’ibikorwa remezo bya lisansi (Amabwiriza 2014/94/EU) yasohotse bwa mbere mu 2014, mu ntangiriro nk’amabwiriza aho kuba itegeko.

Bitandukanye n'ibisabwa n'amategeko, amabwiriza agaragaza umusaruro wifuza nta gupima neza, bityo yemerera ibihugu bigize umuryango gushyiraho uburyo bwabyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa.

Urugero, amabwiriza yo mu 2014 yerekeye ibikorwa remezo bya lisansi byagaragaje kandi ibisabwa ku hantu ho gushyushya, sitasiyo zo kongeramo lisansi ya hydrogen, na sitasiyo zo kongeramo lisansi ya CNG, ariko avuga gusa "ubucucike bukwiye" hatagaragajwe imibare ifatika. Ibi byatumye ibikorwa remezo bicikamo ibice kandi bitangana mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Ibihugu bifite iterambere ry’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi riteye imbere kandi rikwirakwira cyane, bikunze kuba bishaka gushora imari, mu gihe ibihugu bifite iterambere ry’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi rigenda buhoro buhoro. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, isoko ry’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi ku isi (EV) ryateye imbere cyane (ikwirakwira rya EV mu Bushinwa ryarenze 50%). Ariko, mu Burayi, ibikorwa remezo byo kongeramo lisansi bike n’imikorere igoye byatumye abakoresha EV badakoresha neza, bibangamira ihinduka ry’ubwikorezi bwa zero-carbon.

DIN SPEC 70121, nk'amasezerano y'inzibacyuho, yakomeje kuba igipimo ngenderwaho cy'ingenzi cyo gushyushya, ibi bikaba ari igihamya cy'ibi.

Komisiyo y’Uburayi yemeye ko ari ngombwa kwihutisha iyubakwa ry’ibikorwa remezo bishya by’ingufu; bitabaye ibyo, ntibyari kugorana kugera ku ntego zo kugabanya karuboni zo mu 2050 gusa ahubwo byari no kugabanuka mu irushanwa mu nganda zikora ibijyanye n’ingufu zitwara imodoka n’izikwirakwizwa. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, EU yavuguruye amabwiriza ya 2014/94/EU ku itegeko (AMATEGEKO (EU) 2023/1804) mu 2023, agaragaza neza intego: Mu 2025: sitasiyo yo gushyushya ifite ingufu zingana na 400kW igomba gushyirwaho buri kilometero 60. Iyi sitasiyo yo gushyushya igomba kuba irimo nibura ikirundo kimwe cyo gushyushya cya 150kW cyangwa kirenga. Mu 2027: ingufu zose zisabwa kuri sitasiyo zo gushyushya buri kilometero 60 zizongera zigere kuri 600kW, kandi igomba kuba irimo nibura ikirundo kimwe cyo gushyushya cya 150kW cyangwa kirenga.