Paerewa Hou EN ISO 15118-1 / 2 mo nga Teihana Whakaeke EV

Ngā Whakaritenga Hou mō ngā Teihana Utu: Paerewa EN ISO 15118-1

Kua tukuna e te Komihana o Ūropi tētahi whakataunga ka pā nui ki ngā kaihanga waka hiko me ngā hanganga utu katoa. Mai i te tau e tū mai nei, me tutuki ngā teihana utu ki ngā paerewa ISO 15118. He maha ngā ratonga whakamātautau urutau kua whakaratohia e te VDE Institute, ā, kei te whakawhanake i ētahi atu tikanga whakamātautau hei whakarite kia tutuki ngā paerewa.

Mai i te 8 o Hānuere, 2026, me tutuki i ngā pūwāhi utu tūmatanui katoa ngā whakaritenga o te raupapa paerewa EN ISO 15118-1 ki te -5. Mai i te 1 o Hānuere, 2027, ka noho ko te whakatinanatanga o te paerewa EN ISO 15118-20 hei mea whakahau, tae atu ki ngā teihana utu tūmataiti, ngā teihana utu ā-iwi rānei. Ko ēnei paerewa te tūāpapa matua mō ngā āhuatanga e aro ana ki te heke mai pērā i te "mono me te purei," te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero haumaru i waenga i ngā waka me ngā pūwāhi utu, me te utu ā-rua (waka-ki-te-whatunga).

He aha te tikanga o te Paerewa EN ISO 15118-1/2?

I whakautu wawe te VDE Testing and Certification Institute ki ngā whakaritenga ture hou, ā, kei te whakawhanake i ngā tikanga whakamātautau paerewa. Ko te whāinga he whakarato ratonga whakamātautau whānui me te tiwhikete pono ki ngā kaihanga teihana utu AC me DC mai i te wā tōmua, i runga i te paerewa ISO 15118, kia tino tutuki ai ā rātou hua i ngā whakaritenga.

Ko ngā ratonga a te VDE Institute mō te ISO 15118 ko te whakamātautau mahi tahi me te ōritetanga o ngā hanganga utu, te whakarite i ngā pūrongo whakamātautau paerewa me ngā tiwhikete ōritetanga, me te aromatawai i te whakaurunga o ngā āhuatanga hou pēnei i te mono-ā-tākaro me te V2G.

Kua roa e mārama ana te kī a ngā ture pou utu a Ūropi, IEC 61851-24:2014/2023 Annex C, me tutuki ngā whakawhitiwhitinga taumata-tiketike mō ngā pou utu DC ki te DIN SPEC 70121:2014, ISO 15118-2:2014 rānei (ka taea te tautoko i tētahi, i ngā mea e rua rānei).

He wero tēnei whakaritenga mō ētahi kamupene pou utu ā-rohe.

He rerekētanga ā-tinana kei reira. Ka whakamahia e te paerewa Pākehā te atanga CCS2 (Combined Charging System 2), e whakamahia ana e ngā kōhao tāuru AC me DC tētahi atanga kotahi; ka whakamahia e te paerewa Haina te atanga Pūnaha B, e wehewehe ana i ngā tāuru AC me DC. Ka taea te whakatau i tēnei rerekētanga mā te piri pono ki te paerewa IEC 62196 (e whakamārama ana i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me ngā whakaritenga mahi), kia māmā noa ai te hangarau.

He rerekē te tikanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. He arai hangarau matua tēnei. He motuhake ngā raina tohu CAN+ me CAN- o te pūwero utu paerewa Hainamana, ā, ko te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pou utu waka e whakamahi ana i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero CAN; engari kāore he raina CAN o te pūwero utu paerewa Pākehā, e whakamahi ana i te PLC (Power Line Communication), e hono ana i te tohu auau-teitei ki te tohu whakarerekētanga whānui pātere auau-iti PWM 12V, 1kHz i waenga i ngā raina CP me PE. Ki te whakatauritea ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero CAN, he uaua ake te whakawhanake i ngā kawa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero PLC, ā, he onge ngā tuhinga tuwhera-pūtake. Nō reira, he maha ngā kamupene pou utu e hoko ana i ngā kōwae SECC (Supply Equipment Communication Controller) motuhake, e tākai ana i ā rātou mōhiohio utu mā ngā tohu CAN ka tukuna ki te kōwae SECC, kātahi ka whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki te kōwae EVCC (EV Communication Controller) o te waka.

Heoi, ko te hoko, te whakawhanake rānei i tāu ake waeine SECC te taahiraa tuatahi anake. Whai muri i te tāutanga o te waeine SECC ki te puranga utu, me whakamātau tonu kei te tutuki te waeine, ina whakamahia me te puranga utu katoa, i ngā whakaritenga a te paerewa Pākehā DIN SPEC 70121:2014, ISO 15118-2:2014 rānei.

Hei penapena utu, he maha ngā kamupene pou utu e tautoko ana i te DIN SPEC 70121 anake nā te mea he iti ake te utu mō te hoko i ngā kōwae SECC, ā, he māmā ake hoki te whakamātautau.

He aha ngā rerekētanga matua i waenga i ngā paerewa DIN 70121 me te raupapa ISO 15118 mō ngā pou utu DC?

Kāore e ranea te tautoko noa i te DIN 70121 hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga hou o te EU.

I whakaputaina e te EU te COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) 2025/656 i te marama o Hune 2025. He tāpiritanga, he whakatikatika hoki tēnei ture ki te REGULATION (EU) 2023/1804 e pā ana ki te utu ahokore, ngā pūnaha rori hiko, me te tuku hauwai mō ngā waka kawe rori. I tukuna i te tau 2023, ko te REGULATION (EU) 2023/1804, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR), he ture kaupapa here matua i whakaurua e te Kotahitanga o Europi hei whakateretere i te whakawhiti ki te kawe kore-tukunga me te aro atu ki te koretake o ngā hanganga wahie rerekē (hiko, hauwai, me ētahi atu). Ko tana whāinga he whakahau i ngā whenua mema ki te whakapai ake i ā rātou whatunga hanganga utu me te whakakī hinu mā te ture, te whakaiti i te manukanuka o ngā kaiwhakamahi mō te tawhiti me te whakakī hinu, me te tautoko i te whakamahinga nui o ngā waka hiko (EV), ngā waka pūtau wahie hauwai (FCEV), me ngā taraka hiko taumaha.

I roto i te poto, kua tukuna e te EU tētahi putanga hou o te Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR), he mana ture katoa tōna, he mea whakahau, ā, e pā tika ana ki ngā whenua mema katoa.

Ko ngā whakahoutanga nui koia ēnei: ​​Whai muri i te 8 o Hānuere, 2026, ko ngā teihana utu katoa e wātea ana ki te marea, ā, kua tāutahia, kua whakahoutia rānei, tae atu ki ngā teihana utu AC me DC, me tutuki i te iti rawa ngā whakaritenga o te EN ISO 15118-2:2016. Whai muri i te 1 o Hānuere, 2027, ko ngā teihana utu katoa kei roto i te rohe tūmatanui kua tāutahia, kua whakahoutia rānei, tae atu ki ngā puranga utu AC me DC, me tutuki i te iti rawa ngā whakaritenga o te EN ISO 15118-20:2022. Mena ka whakaratohia e te teihana utu ngā ratonga manatoko me te whakamanatanga aunoa, pēnei i te PNC (mono-me-te-utu), me tutuki i te EN ISO 15118-2:2016 me te paerewa EN ISO 15118-20:2022. Whai muri i te 1 o Hānuere, 2027, ko ngā pūwāhi utu katoa i roto i ngā pūwāhi utu tūmataiti kua tāutahia, kua whakahoutia rānei, mō ngā pūwāhi utu Aratau 2 AC, me tutuki i te EN IEC 61851-1:2019; Mō ngā puranga utu hiko Aratau 3 AC me ngā puranga utu hiko Aratau 4 DC, me tutuki i a rātou ngā whakaritenga EN ISO 15118-20:2022. Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko ngā teihana utu hiko DC tūmatanui hou, kua whakahoutia rānei, kua tāutahia i muri i te tau 2026, me tutuki i a rātou ngā whakaritenga EN ISO 15118-2:2016. Ko ngā teihana utu hiko DC hou, kua whakahoutia rānei, me ngā teihana utu hiko AC Aratau 3 kua tāutahia i muri i te tau 2027, me tutuki hoki i a rātou ngā whakaritenga EN ISO 15118-20:2022.

I roto i te whānau teihana utu, ko ngā Aratau 2 IC-CPD anake kei waho i te whānuitanga o tēnei ture. I Haina, ka kiia ēnei teihana utu kawe ko ngā "kaiutu e mau ana i te waka," ā, i Ūropi, kāore e neke ake i te 3.7kW tō rātou mana. E whakamārama ana te TURE (EU) 2025/656 he rawaka te PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) mō ngā teihana utu Aratau 2 AC, e tautoko ana i te ISO 15118-2, 20 rānei, ā, kāore e hua mai he uara tāpiri ki te kaiwhakamahi mutunga.

Mō ngā kamupene teihana utu ā-rohe, tērā pea ka hangaia he arai hangarau nui e tēnei ture hou. I te tīmatanga, i hiahiatia te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te DIN 70121, engari i muri tata mai, i whakahaua te tautoko mō te ISO 15118; i hiahiatia hoki te tautoko mō te ISO 15118-2 me te ISO 15118-20. Ko ētahi o ngā kamupene pou utu e hiahia ana ki te whakawhānui ki tāwāhi kāore i te mōhio ki ēnei paerewa, ā, me mārama ki ngā rerekētanga i waenga i te DIN SPEC 70121, ISO 15118-2, me te ISO 15118-20, me te kaupapa o te tautoko i a rātou. He aha te maha o ngā paerewa mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pou utu waka i Ūropi?

Te Whanaketanga o ngā Paerewa Raupapa ISO 15118: Mai i te Otinga Whakawhiti ki te Paerewa Ao

I te tīmatanga o te tau 2010, ka tīmata te rōpū mahi tahi o te Komiti Hangarau IEC 69 ​​(TC69) me te Komiti Hangarau ISO 22 (TC22) ki te mahi tahi i runga i ngā paerewa raupapa ISO 15118, me te tumanako ka whakatauhia te raruraru o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kotahi i waenga i ngā waka hiko me ngā pou utu. Nā te mea i whakaarohia e te rōpū mahi he whānuitanga o ngā take, ā, i whai kia puta he putanga nui, hototahi, he roa rawa te wā whakarite mō ngā paerewa raupapa ISO 15118, ā, i whakaroahia tōna tukunga mana.

Engari kāore i taea e te mākete te tatari. Ko ngā kaihanga waka Tiamana, inā koa, kei te hiahia nui kia tere te whakatutuki a ā rātou waka hiko i te hanganga utu noa kia whiwhi ai i te painga mākete. Nō reira, i whakakotahi ngā kaipupuri moni o te umanga Tiamana, ā, i roto i te anga o te DIN, i tangohia ngā āhuatanga kua pakeke mai i ngā kōrero mō te ISO 15118 hei whakawhanake i tētahi paerewa ā-motu Tiamana ka taea te whakatinana tonu. I whakaputaina te DIN SPEC 70121 i te tau 2012; i whakahoutia i te tau 2014; ā, i whakaputaina tōna paerewa whakatakotoranga whakamātautau, DIN SPEC 70122:2018, i te tau 2018.

I tukuna tōmuri te paerewa ISO 15118, ā, i whakaputaina mana te putanga tuatahi i te tau 2013. I tukuna ngā paerewa paparanga tono motuhake me ngā paerewa whakamātautau i muri mai i te tau 2014 me te 2018. He raupapa nui o ngā paerewa te ISO 15118 kua tere te whanaketanga. Ko te whakatupuranga tuatahi o ngā paerewa e pā ana ki te utu hiko hiko kei roto ko ngā paerewa e rima e whai ake nei: ISO 15118-1 (Ngā Whakaritenga Whānui me ngā Whakamāramatanga Whakamahinga), ISO 15118-2 (Ngā Whakaritenga Kawa Paparanga Taupānga), ISO 15118-3 (Ngā Whakaritenga Paparanga Tinana me te Paparanga Hononga Raraunga), ISO 15118-4 (Ngā Whakatakotoranga Whakamātautau Paparanga Taupānga), me te ISO 15118-5 (Ngā Whakatakotoranga Whakamātautau Paparanga Tinana). Ka taea te kite i te DIN SPEC 70121:2014 hei putanga māmā ake o te ISO 15118-2/3. Ko te DIN SPEC 70121 anake e tautoko ana i te utunga DC, ko ngā paerewa ISO 15118-1 ki te 5 e tautoko ana i te utunga AC me te DC i te wā kotahi, ā, e tautoko ana hoki i te whakamunatanga TLS, te mahi mono-me-te-utu (PNC), me te utunga atamai.

I te tau 2022, i tukuna e te raupapa ISO 15118 tana paerewa utu tuarua o te whakatipuranga, arā, ko te ISO 15118-20:2022, i whakahuatia ake nei. Ki te whakatauritea ki te ISO 15118-2, ka tautokohia hoki e ia te whakamunatanga TLS 1.3, V2G (waka-ki-te-whatunga), WPT (utu ahokore), me ngā mahi ACD (pūrere hononga aunoa), ā, he paerewa whakamātautau e rite ana: 15118-21 Ngā Whakamātautau Noa, 15118-23 Ngā Whakamātautau Motuhake DC, 15118-22 Ngā Whakamātautau Motuhake AC (kāore anō kia tukuna), 15118-24 Ngā Whakamātautau Motuhake ACD (kāore anō kia tukuna), me 15118-25 Ngā Whakamātautau Motuhake WPT (kāore anō kia tukuna). I hangaia tuatahitia te DIN SPEC 70121 hei otinga whakawhiti hei tautoko i te whanaketanga tere o te mākete waka hiko i mua i te tukunga o te ISO 15118. Heoi, i roto i ngā kōwhiringa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tūturu i waenga i ngā teihana utu me ngā waka, ahakoa e tautoko ana te waka me te teihana utu i te DIN SPEC 70121 me te ISO 15118, ko te DIN SPEC 70121 tonu te mea nui i roto i te nuinga o ngā horopaki. Haunga te painga tuatahi o te DIN SPEC 70121, ko te kore o ngā whakamahinga taumata-teitei, matatini (TLS/PNC/V2G/WPT, me ētahi atu) te take nui rawa atu.

He aha te take e hiahiatia ai te tautoko katoa mō te ISO 15118-2 me te ISO 15118-20 mō te ture hanganga whakakapi wahie hou?

Ko te ariā matua o te whakatairanga ā-ture a te EU i ngā paerewa raupapa ISO 15118

He whakaaro nui ā te Komihana o Ūropi ki ngā kaupapa here ahumahi.

I whakaputaina tuatahitia te hanganga wahie rerekē (Directive 2014/94/EU on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure) i te tau 2014, engari ehara i te ture i taua wā, he ture noa iho.

He rerekē ngā tohutohu i ngā ture whakahau, nā te mea ko ngā hua anake hei whakatutuki ka tohua, engari kāore e mārama te ine i ngā whakaritenga, ā, ka taea e ngā whenua mema te whakawhanake takitahi i ngā tikanga whakatinanatanga.

Hei tauira, i whakaurua hoki e te ture hanganga rerekē wahie o te tau 2014 ngā whakaritenga mō ngā wāhi utu, ngā teihana whakakī hinu hauwai, me ngā teihana whakakī hinu hau, engari i kī noa me "tika te kapi," me te kore e tohu i ngā whāinga tau, ka arahi ki te wehewehe me te whanaketanga kore taurite o ngā hanganga puta noa i te EU. Ko ngā whenua he pai te whanaketanga me te whānui o ngā pūnaha waka hiko (EV) he pai ake te hiahia ki te haumi, ko te hunga he puhoi ake te whanaketanga EV kei te puhoi ake te ahunga whakamua. I ngā tau tata nei, he tere te whanaketanga EV o te ao (kua neke atu i te 50%) te urunga EV ki Haina, engari i Ūropi, nā te ngoikore o ngā hanganga utu me ngā mahi uaua i hua ake ai he wheako kaiwhakamahi ngoikore mō ngā kaiwhakamahi EV, ka aukati i te whakawhiti ki te kawe waka kore-waro.

Ko te DIN SPEC 70121, hei whakaaetanga whakawhiti, kua noho tonu hei paerewa utu matua, ā, he tohu tēnei mō tēnei.

I kite te Komihana o Ūropi i te hiahia kia tere ake te hanganga o ngā hanganga pūngao hou; ki te kore, ehara i te mea he uaua noa te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga whakaiti waro 2050 engari ka hinga hoki ki muri i te whakataetae i roto i ngā ahumahi pūngao motuka me te pūngao tohatoha. Hei huri i tēnei āhuatanga, i whakahoutia e te EU te Aratohu 2014/94/EU ki te ture (REGULATION (EU) 2023/1804) i te tau 2023, me te ine mārama i te whāinga: i te tau 2025, me tāuta he teihana utu me te mana katoa o te 400kW neke atu rānei i ia 60 kiromita. Me whakauru i tēnei teihana utu kia kotahi te puranga utu me te mana o te 150kW neke atu rānei. I te tau 2027: Ka piki ake te hiahiatanga hiko katoa mō ngā teihana utu mō ia 60 kiromita ki te 600kW, ā, me whakauru kia kotahi te teihana utu me te putanga mana o te 150kW neke atu rānei.

Kua whakatūria e te Komihana o Ūropi ngā whakaaro mō ngā kaupapa here ahumahi.

I tukuna tuatahitia te Aratohu mō te Whakatakotoranga o ngā Hanganga Wahie Rerekē (Aratohu 2014/94/EU) i te tau 2014, i te tīmatanga he aratohu kaua ki te ture.

He rerekē tēnei i ngā whakaritenga ā-ture o ngā ture, ā, ka tohua e ngā aratohu ngā putanga e hiahiatia ana, engari kāore e āta inehia te nui o aua putanga, ā, ka taea e ngā whenua mema te whakawhanake i ā rātou ake tikanga whakatinanatanga.

Hei tauira, i whakamāramahia hoki e te Ture Whakatakotoranga mō ngā Hanganga Wahie Rerekē o te tau 2014 ngā whakaritenga mō ngā wāhi utu, ngā teihana whakakī hinu hauwai, me ngā teihana whakakī hinu CNG, engari i kī noa "he tika te matotoru o te kapinga" me te kore e tohu i ngā tatauranga tuturu. Nā tēnei i hua ake ai te wehewehe me te whanaketanga kore taurite o ngā hanganga puta noa i te EU. Ko ngā whenua he whānui te whanaketanga o ngā waka hiko, he pai ake ki te haumi, ko ngā whenua he puhoi ake te whanaketanga o ngā waka hiko, he puhoi ake te ahunga whakamua. I ngā tau tata nei, kua tere te whanaketanga o te mākete waka hiko (EV) o te ao (kua neke atu i te 50%) te urunga o ngā EV ki Haina. Heoi, i Ūropi, nā te ngoikore o ngā hanganga utu me ngā mahi uaua kua hua ake he wheako kaiwhakamahi ngoikore mō ngā kaiwhakamahi EV, ka aukati i te whakawhiti ki te kawe waka kore-waro.

Ko te DIN SPEC 70121, hei whakaaetanga whakawhiti, kua noho tonu hei paerewa utu matua, ā, he tohu tēnei mō tēnei.

I kite te Komihana o Ūropi i te hiahia kia tere ake te hanganga o ngā hanganga pūngao hou; ki te kore, ehara i te mea he uaua noa te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga whakaiti waro 2050 engari ka hinga hoki ki muri i te whakataetae i roto i ngā ahumahi motuka me te pūngao tohatoha. Hei huri i tēnei āhuatanga, i whakahoutia e te EU te Aratohu 2014/94/EU ki te ture (REGULATION (EU) 2023/1804) i te tau 2023, me te ine mārama i ngā whāinga: Hei te tau 2025: me tāuta he teihana utu me te mana katoa o te 400kW neke atu rānei i ia 60 kiromita. Me whakauru tēnei teihana utu i te iti rawa kotahi te puranga utu o te 150kW neke atu rānei. Hei te tau 2027: ka piki ake te hiahiatanga hiko katoa mō ngā teihana utu i ia 60 kiromita ki te 600kW, ā, me whakauru i te iti rawa kotahi te puranga utu o te 150kW neke atu rānei.