Nkhani - Miyezo ya mndandanda wa ISO 15118: "mafunso ofunikira" kuti malo ochapira zinthu azitumizidwa ku European Union

Mu makampani opanga ma charging mulu ku China, opanga nthawi zambiri amayang'ana kwambiri zizindikiro zazikulu monga mtengo, kapangidwe ka mawonekedwe, chitetezo cha kapangidwe kake (moto/IP/mtunda wa chitetezo), magawo a magwiridwe antchito (kulondola kwa mphamvu ndi magetsi), kuyanjana (kugwirizana ndi opanga magalimoto akuluakulu), ndi ntchito zoteteza (kuima kwadzidzidzi/kuima kwa cholakwika), koma nthawi zambiri pamakhala kusamalitsa kokwanira pakugwirizana kwa njira zolumikizirana pakati pa magalimoto ndi ma pile. Mukafufuza, miyezo ya GB 39752 ndi GB 44263 ya satifiketi ya CCC ku China, yomwe imayang'ana GB/T 27930 "Digital Communication Protocol pakati pa Off board Conductive Chargers ndi Magalimoto Amagetsi" ndi GB/T 34658 "Consistency Test of Communication Protocol pakati pa Off board Conductive Chargers ndi Battery Management Systems for Electric Vehicles", si zofunikira zovomerezeka.

Komabe, makampani akayang'ana kwambiri msika wa EU, kusinthasintha kwa njira yolumikizirana kumakhala malire osagonjetseka - miyezo ya mndandanda wa ISO 15118 yakhala "pasipoti" ya malo ochapira kuti apite padziko lonse lapansi ndi mphamvu yokakamiza ya malamulo a EU.

Malamulo a EU amafuna kuti kutsatiridwa koyenera kwa njira zolumikizirana kukhale kofunikira kuti dziko lonse lapansi lipite patsogolo

Lamulo la malo ochapira ku Ulaya IEC 61851-24:2014/2023 Appendix C lanena kale kuti kulumikizana kwapamwamba kwa malo ochapira ku DC kuyenera kutsatira zofunikira za DIN SPEC 70121:2014 kapena ISO 15118-2:2014 (zonse ziwiri kapena zonse ziwiri zitha kuthandizidwa nthawi imodzi).

Chofunika ichi chabweretsa mavuto kwa mabizinesi ena am'nyumba omwe amalipiritsa zinthu zambiri.

Kusiyana kwa mawonekedwe akuthupi.Muyezo wa ku Ulaya umagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a CCS2 (Combined Charging System 2), ndipo mbali ya soketi yolowera galimoto imagawana mawonekedwe amodzi a AC ndi DC; Muyezo wa dziko lonse umagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a System B ndikulekanitsa AC ndi DC. Kusiyana kumeneku kumatha kuthetsedwa potsatira mosamalitsa muyezo wa IEC 62196 (womwe umatchula miyeso yakuthupi ndi zofunikira pakugwira ntchito), ndi zovuta zochepa zaukadaulo.

Kusiyana kwa njira zolankhulirana.Ichi ndi chotchinga chachikulu chaukadaulo. Mutu wa mfuti mu muyezo wa dziko uli ndi mizere yosiyana ya chizindikiro cha CAN+ ndi CAN, ndipo njira yolumikizirana pakati pa galimoto ndi mulu ndi kulumikizana kwa CAN; Mutu wa mfuti wamba wa ku Europe ulibe mzere wa CAN ndipo umagwiritsa ntchito PLC (Power Line Communication) kuti uphatikize zizindikiro zama frequency apamwamba ku chizindikiro cha 12V, 1kHz PWM cha low-frequency pulse width modulation pakati pa mzere wa CP ndi mzere wa PE. Poyerekeza ndi kulumikizana kwa CAN, vuto la chitukuko cha protocol yolumikizirana ya PLC ndi lalikulu, ndipo zipangizo zotseguka ndizosowa pamsika. Chifukwa chake, makampani ambiri amagula ma module osiyana a SECC (Supply Equipment Communication Controller) kuchokera kunja, amaphatikiza zambiri zawo zolipirira kudzera mu zizindikiro za CAN ndikuzitumiza ku module ya SECC, yomwe kenako imalumikizana ndi module ya EVCC (EV Communication Controller) ya galimotoyo.

Koma kaya kugula kapena kupanga ma module a SECC mkati mwake, ndi gawo loyamba chabe. Mukayika module ya SECC mu malo ochajira, ndikofunikirabe kutsimikizira kuti moduleyo ikukwaniritsa zofunikira za DIN SPEC 70121:2014 kapena ISO 15118-2:2014 ya muyezo wa ku Europe ikaphatikizidwa ndi siteshoni yonse.

Pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama, makampani ambiri osungira zinthu amasankha kuthandizira DIN SPEC 70121 yokha, chifukwa izi zimachepetsa mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito SECC kunja ndipo zimapangitsa kuti kuyesa kukhale kosavuta.

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mndandanda wa DIN 70121 ndi ISO 15118

Komabe, kuthandiza DIN 70121 kokha sikukwanira kukwaniritsa zofunikira zaposachedwa za European Union.

Bungwe la European Union linatulutsa lamulo la COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) 2025/656 mu June 2025. Lamuloli ndi lowonjezera komanso lokonzanso lamulo la (EU) 2023/1804 lokhudza kuyatsa opanda zingwe, machitidwe amagetsi pamsewu, ndi kupereka kwa haidrojeni pamagalimoto oyendera pamsewu. LAMULO (EU) 2023/1804, lomwe linatulutsidwa mu 2023, limadziwika kwambiri kuti Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR). Ndi lamulo lofunika kwambiri lomwe linayambitsidwa ndi EU kuti lifulumizitse kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka mpweya woipa ndikuthana ndi kusowa kwa zomangamanga zina zamafuta (magetsi, haidrojeni, ndi zina zotero). Cholinga chake ndikukakamiza mayiko omwe ali mamembala kuti akonze maukonde awo a zomangamanga monga kuyatsa ndi kudzaza mafuta kudzera mu malamulo, kuchotsa nkhawa za ogwiritsa ntchito za kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ndi kubwezeretsanso mphamvu, ndikuthandizira kufalikira kwakukulu kwa magalimoto amagetsi (EVs), magalimoto a hydrogen fuel cell (FCEVs), ndi magalimoto akuluakulu amagetsi.

Mwachidule, EU yatulutsa mtundu wosinthidwa wa Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR), womwe uli ndi mphamvu zonse zalamulo ndipo ndi lamulo lofunikira lomwe limagwira ntchito mwachindunji kumayiko onse omwe ali mamembala.

Zosintha zofunika zikuphatikizapo:

(1) Pambuyo pa Januwale 8, 2026, malo onse ochapira omwe ali otseguka kwa anthu onse komanso okonzedwanso kumene, kuphatikiza ma AC ndi ma DC piles, ayenera kutsatira zofunikira za EN ISO 15118-2:2016 osachepera.
(2) Pambuyo pa Januwale 1, 2027, malo onse ochapira omwe amapezeka poyera komanso atsopano kapena okonzedwanso, kuphatikiza ma AC ndi DC piles, ayenera kutsatira zofunikira za EN ISO 15118-20:2022 osachepera. Ngati malo ochapira amapereka ntchito zodziwitsira zokha komanso zovomerezeka, monga ntchito ya PNC (Plug and Play), iyenera kutsatira EN ISO 15118-2:2016 ndi standard EN ISO 15118-20:2022.

Pambuyo pa Januwale 1, 2027, malo onse ochapira omwe adayikidwa kapena kukonzedwanso pamalo ochapira achinsinsi ayenera kutsatira EN IEC 61851-1:2019 pamagawo ochapira a mode 2 AC, ndi EN ISO 15118-20:2022 pamagawo ochapira a mode 3 AC ndi malo ochapira a mode 4 DC.

Mwachidule, milu yonse ya DC yomwe yangoyikidwa kumene kapena yokonzedwanso pambuyo pa 2026 iyenera kutsatira zofunikira za EN ISO 15118-2:2016, ndipo milu yonse ya DC yomwe yangoyikidwa kapena yokonzedwanso ndi milu ya Mode 3 AC pambuyo pa 2027 iyeneranso kutsatira EN ISO 15118-20:2022.

Mu banja la malo ochajira, njira yokha ya IC-CPD siili mkati mwa malangizo. Ku China, mtundu uwu wa malo ochajira onyamulika umatchedwa kuti on-board charging, ndipo ku Europe, mphamvu nthawi zambiri siipitirira 3.7 kW. Kufotokozera komwe kwaperekedwa mu Regulation (EU) 2025/656 ndikuti malo ochajira a mode 2 AC omwe amagwiritsa ntchito PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) ndi okwanira, kuthandizira ISO 15118-2 kapena 20, ndipo sadzabweretsa phindu lina lililonse kwa wogwiritsa ntchito.

Kwa makampani okhala ndi milu ya m'nyumba, lamulo latsopanoli lingapangitse zopinga zazikulu zaukadaulo. Kungofunika kukwaniritsa DIN 70121, yomwe ndi lamulo lofunikira posachedwa kuti lithandizire ISO 15118; Kuthandizira ISO 15118-2 ndi ISO 15118-20. Makampani ena omwe akufuna kupita padziko lonse lapansi sakudziwa bwino miyezo iyi ndipo ayenera kumvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pa DIN SPEC 70121, ISO 15118-2, ndi ISO 15118-20, komanso cholinga chothandizira. Nchifukwa chiyani pali miyezo yambiri yolumikizirana pakati pa magalimoto ndi milu ku Europe?

Kusintha kwa miyezo ya ISO 15118: kuchokera ku mayankho osinthika kupita ku miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi

Izi zimayamba ndi cholowa chakale. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2010, Gulu Logwira Ntchito Logwirizana la Komiti Yaukadaulo ya IEC 69 (TC69) ndi Komiti Yaukadaulo ya ISO 22 (TC22) linayamba kugwirizana kuti lipange miyezo ya ISO 15118, cholinga chake chinali kuthana ndi nkhani yokhudza kukhazikika kwa kulumikizana pakati pa magalimoto amagetsi ndi malo ochapira. Chifukwa cha kuganizira kwathunthu kwa gulu logwira ntchito komanso chikhumbo chopanga mtundu waukulu wogwirizana, nthawi yokonzekera miyezo ya mndandanda wa ISO 15118 inali yayitali kwambiri, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti kutulutsidwa kwawo kuchedwe.

Koma msika sungadikirenso. Makamaka opanga magalimoto aku Germany akuyembekeza kuti magalimoto awo amagetsi azitha kuyitanitsa anthu onse mwachangu ndikupeza zabwino pamsika. Chifukwa chake omwe ali ndi gawo mumakampani ku Germany adagwirizana ndipo, mkati mwa dongosolo la DIN, adatenga zina mwazomwe zakula zomwe zafotokozedwa mu ISO 15118 kuti apange muyezo wadziko lonse wa Germany womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Mu 2012, DIN SPEC 70121 idatulutsidwa; Yasinthidwa mu 2014; Muyezo wa mayeso a DIN SPEC 70122:2018 udatulutsidwa mu 2018.

Muyezo wa ISO 15118 unafika mochedwa ndipo unatulutsidwa mwalamulo mu kope lake loyamba mu 2013; Mu 2014 ndi 2018, miyezo yeniyeni yogwiritsira ntchito ndi miyezo yoyesera inatulutsidwa motsatizana. ISO 15118 ndi mndandanda waukulu wa miyezo yomwe ikukula mofulumira. Pali miyezo isanu yokhudzana ndi kuyitanitsa kwa conduction m'badwo woyamba:

1. ISO 15118-1 (Zofunikira Zonse ndi Matanthauzidwe a Nkhani Yogwiritsira Ntchito)

2. ISO 15118-2 (Zofunikira pa Pulogalamu ya Magawo Ogwiritsira Ntchito)

3. ISO 15118-3 (Zofunikira pa Gawo Loyenera ndi Gawo Lolumikizira Deta)

4. ISO 15118-4 (Kufotokozera kwa Kuyesa kwa Chigawo cha Ntchito)

5. ISO 15118-5 (Kufotokozera kwa Kuyesa kwa Thupi)

DIN SPEC 70121:2014 itha kuonedwa ngati mtundu wosavuta wa ISO 15118-2/3 womwe watchulidwa pamwambapa. DIN SPEC 70121 imathandizira kuyitanitsa kwa DC kokha, pomwe miyezo ya ISO 15118-1 mpaka 5 imatha kuthandizira kuyitanitsa kwa AC ndi DC, komanso magwiridwe antchito a TLS encryption, plug and play (PNC), komanso kuyitanitsa kwanzeru.

Mu 2022, mndandanda wa ISO 15118 unatulutsa mibadwo yachiwiri ya miyezo yochapira, yomwe ndi ISO 15118-20:2022 monga tafotokozera kale. Poyerekeza ndi ISO 15118-2, imathandizanso kubisa kwa TLS1.3, V2G (kutumiza mphamvu zamagetsi ku gridi), WPT (kuchaja opanda zingwe), ndi ntchito za ACD (chipangizo cholumikizira chokha) poyambira.

Mfundo yaikulu yomwe ikukhudza kukwezedwa kofunikira kwa miyezo ya ISO 15118 ndi European Union

Bungwe la European Commission lili ndi mfundo zofunika kuziganizira pankhani ya mfundo za mafakitale. Lamulo la 2014/94/EU lokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zina zopangira mafuta linaperekedwa koyamba mu 2014, pamene silinali lamulo, koma lamulo. Lamuloli ndi losiyana ndi zofunikira za malamulo, chifukwa limangofotokoza zotsatira zomwe ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa, koma silifotokoza zofunikira za kuchuluka.

Bungwe la European Commission likuzindikira kufunika kofulumizitsa ntchito yomanga nyumba zatsopano zamagetsi, apo ayi sizidzakhala zovuta kukwaniritsa cholinga chochepetsa mpweya wa carbon mu 2050, komanso sizidzakhala zovuta pa mpikisano pakati pa mafakitale amagetsi ndi mafakitale amagetsi ogawidwa. Pofuna kusintha vutoli, EU idasintha lamulo la 2014/94/EU ku Regulation (EU) 2023/1804 mu 2023, ndi zolinga zomveka bwino.

Zofunikira za ISO 15118-20 zikuwonetsa bwino chikhumbo cha EU chofulumizitsa kukhazikitsa malo ochapira ndi kutumiza magalimoto amagetsi mu gridi yamagetsi, ndipo yomalizayi imagwirizana kwambiri ndi gridi. Mwa kulumikizana ndi gridi yamagetsi kudzera m'malo ochapira, magalimoto amagetsi samangokhala magalimoto okha, komanso ngati magawo osungira mphamvu omwe amagawidwa mu dongosolo lamagetsi, ndipo ndi gawo la gridi yanzeru.

Mavuto Otsatira Malamulo ndi Njira Zoyankhira Mabizinesi Aku China Akupita Padziko Lonse

Malamulowa atatulutsidwa, mayiko omwe ali mamembala a ku Europe ayamba kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu. France idalengeza mu Novembala 2025 kuti ipereka ndalama zothandizira zachilengedwe pogula magalimoto amagetsi achinsinsi; Mu Novembala 2025, Germany idatulutsa dongosolo lalikulu lolipiritsa zomangamanga pofika chaka cha 2030, mogwirizana ndi European Union Regulation (AFIR) 2023/1804.

Monga bungwe lotsogola padziko lonse lapansi loyesa ndi kupereka satifiketi, T Ü VS Ü D, lomwe lakhala ndi zaka 160 zaukadaulo komanso maubwino aukadaulo, lingapereke chithandizo chokwanira chotsata malamulo a bizinesi yolipiritsa zinthu. T Ü VS Ü D ipitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito bwino maubwino ake aukadaulo, chuma, komanso maukonde apadziko lonse lapansi kuti ilimbikitse kusintha konse kwa kayendedwe ka mpweya padziko lonse lapansi komanso chitukuko chokhazikika cha mphamvu.

Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-21-2026

Miyezo ya mndandanda wa ISO 15118: "mafunso ofunikira" pa malo ochapira omwe ayenera kutumizidwa ku European Union

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