Amahame ngenderwaho ya ISO 15118: "ibibazo by'ingenzi" ku biro byo gushyuza bigomba koherezwa mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi

Mu nganda zitunganya ibyuma bishyushya mu Bushinwa, abakora ibikoresho bakunze kwibanda ku bimenyetso by'ingenzi nko gupima ikiguzi, imiterere, umutekano w'inyubako (inkongi/IP/intera y'umutekano), ibipimo by'imikorere (ukuri kw'amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi), guhuza (guhuza n'inganda zikomeye z'ibinyabiziga), n'imikorere yo kurinda (guhagarara/guhagarara kw'impanuka), ariko muri rusange nta kwita ku buryo buhagije ku buryo bwo guhuza imikorere y'itumanaho hagati y'ibinyabiziga n'ibyuma bishyushya. Iyo hakozwe iperereza, amahame ya GB 39752 na GB 44263 yo kwemeza CCC mu Bushinwa, ashingiye kuri GB/T 27930 "Protocole y'itumanaho rya digitale hagati y'ibyuma bishyushya bishyushya bidafite icyuma n'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi" na GB/T 34658 "Isuzuma ry'uburyo bwo guhuza imikorere y'ibikoresho bishyushya bidafite icyuma n'amashanyarazi na sisitemu yo gucunga bateri ku binyabiziga by'amashanyarazi", si ibisabwa.

Ariko, iyo amasosiyete yerekeje ibitekerezo byayo ku isoko ry’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, imikorere ihamye ya protocole y’itumanaho iba umupaka udashobora kurenganywa wo kubahiriza amategeko - amahame ya ISO 15118 yabaye "pasiporo" yo gushyuza sitasiyo kugira ngo igere ku isi yose hamwe n’amabwiriza y’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi.

Amabwiriza y’i Burayi agenga sitasiyo zo gushyushya IEC 61851-24:2014/2023 Umugereka C wamaze kugaragaza ko itumanaho ryo mu rwego rwo hejuru rya sitasiyo zo gushyushya za DC rigomba kubahiriza ibisabwa na DIN SPEC 70121:2014 cyangwa ISO 15118-2:2014 (mwembi cyangwa byombi bishobora gushyigikirwa icyarimwe).

Iki cyifuzo cyateje imbogamizi ku bigo bimwe na bimwe byo mu gihugu bitanga amafaranga menshi.

Ariko byaba ari ugugura cyangwa guteza imbere module za SECC, ni intambwe ya mbere gusa. Nyuma yo gushyira module ya SECC muri sitasiyo yo gusharija, biracyakenewe kwerekana ko module yujuje ibisabwa na DIN SPEC 70121:2014 cyangwa ISO 15118-2:2014 by'ibipimo ngenderwaho by'i Burayi iyo bihujwe na sitasiyo yose.

Kugira ngo hagabanuke ikiguzi, amasosiyete menshi yo gukusanya amakuru ahitamo gushyigikira DIN SPEC 70121 gusa, kuko ibi bigabanya ikiguzi cyo guha SECC abakozi bo hanze kandi bigatuma ibizamini byoroha.

Ariko, gushyigikira DIN 70121 gusa ntabwo bihagije kugira ngo habeho ibisabwa biheruka by’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi.

Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi wasohoye AMATEGEKO YA KOMISIYO YAGENEWE KOMISSIYO (EU) 2025/656 muri Kamena 2025. Iri tegeko ni inyongera n’ivugurura ry’Amabwiriza (EU) 2023/1804 yerekeye gusharija nta mashini zikoresha insinga, sisitemu z’amashanyarazi, n’itangwa rya hydrogen ku binyabiziga bitwara abantu mu muhanda. AMATEGEKO (EU) 2023/1804, yasohotse mu 2023, azwi cyane nka Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR). Ni itegeko ry’ingenzi ryashyizweho na EU kugira ngo ryihutishe inzira yo gutwara imyuka ihumanya ikirere no gukemura ikibazo cy’ibura ry’ibikorwaremezo bya lisansi (amashanyarazi, hydrogen, nibindi). Intego yaryo ni uguhatira ibihugu bigize umuryango kunoza imiyoboro yabyo y’ibikorwaremezo nko gusharija no kongeramo lisansi binyuze mu mategeko, gukuraho impungenge z’abakoresha ku bijyanye no kongeramo ingufu, no gushyigikira gukwirakwiza imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ku rugero runini, imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (FCEV), n’amakamyo akoresha amashanyarazi akomeye.

Muri make, EU yasohoye verisiyo ivuguruye y’Itegeko ry’ibikorwa remezo by’ibikomoka kuri peteroli (AFIR), rifite agaciro karyo kose kandi ni itegeko rikurikizwa ku bihugu byose bigize umuryango.

Amavugurura y'ingenzi arimo:

• (1) Nyuma ya tariki ya 8 Mutarama 2026, sitasiyo zose zo gushyushya zigerwa n'abantu bose kandi zigashyirwamo cyangwa zivuguruwe, harimo n'imiyoboro ya AC na DC, zigomba kubahiriza nibura ibisabwa na EN ISO 15118-2:2016.
• (2) Nyuma ya tariki ya 1 Mutarama 2027, sitasiyo zose zo gushyushya zigerwa n'abantu bose kandi zigashyirwamo cyangwa zivuguruwe, harimo n'imirongo ya AC na DC, zigomba kubahiriza nibura ibisabwa na EN ISO 15118-20:2022. Niba sitasiyo yo gushyushya itanga serivisi zo kwemeza no gutanga uburenganzira, nka PNC (Plug and Play), igomba kubahiriza EN ISO 15118-2:2016 na EN ISO 15118-20:2022.

Nyuma ya tariki ya 1 Mutarama 2027, sitasiyo zose zo gushyushya zashyizweho cyangwa zavuguruwe ahantu hihariye ho kongeramo amashanyarazi zigomba kubahiriza EN IEC 61851-1:2019 ku hantu ho kongeramo amashanyarazi muri mode 2 AC, na EN ISO 15118-20:2022 ku hantu ho kongeramo amashanyarazi muri mode 3 AC n'ahantu ho kongeramo amashanyarazi muri mode 4 DC.

Muri make, imigozi yose mishya ya DC yashyizweho cyangwa yavuguruwe nyuma ya 2026 igomba kubahiriza ibisabwa na EN ISO 15118-2:2016, kandi imigozi yose mishya ya DC yashyizweho cyangwa yavuguruwe hamwe n’imigozi ya Mode 3 AC nyuma ya 2027 nayo igomba kubahiriza EN ISO 15118-20:2022.

Mu muryango w’ibikoresho byo gusharija, uburyo bwa 2 IC-CPD ni bwo bwonyine butagengwa n’amabwiriza. Mu Bushinwa, ubu bwoko bw’ibikoresho byo gusharija byo mu bwoko bwa "portable station" byitwa "on-board charger", naho mu Burayi, ubusanzwe ingufu ntizirenga 3.7 kW. Ibisobanuro bitangwa mu Mabwiriza (EU) 2025/656 ni uko "mode 2 AC stations" zikoresha PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) zihagije, zishyigikira ISO 15118-2 cyangwa 20, kandi nta n'indi gaciro izazanira umukoresha wa nyuma.

Ku bigo by’ubucuruzi bw’ibirundo byo mu gihugu, iri tegeko rishya rishobora guteza imbogamizi zikomeye mu bya tekiniki. Bikenewe gusa kugira ngo habeho DIN 70121, itegeko rigomba gukurikizwa vuba kugira ngo hashyigikirwe ISO 15118; Gushyigikira ISO 15118-2 na ISO 15118-20. Amwe mu masosiyete y’ibirundo ashaka kugera ku rwego rw’isi ntazi aya mahame kandi akeneye gusobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati ya DIN SPEC 70121, ISO 15118-2, na ISO 15118-20, ndetse n’intego yo kuyashyigikira. Kuki hari amahame menshi yo gutumanaho hagati y’imodoka n’ibirundo mu Burayi?

Ibi bitangirana n'amateka y'umurage. Mu ntangiriro za 2010, Itsinda rihuriweho rya Komite Tekiniki ya IEC 69 ​​(TC69) na Komite Tekiniki ya ISO 22 (TC22) batangiye gukorana kugira ngo bateze imbere urukurikirane rw'amahame ngenderwaho ya ISO 15118, bagamije gukemura ikibazo cy'amabwiriza agenga itumanaho hagati y'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi n'aho zishyurira. Bitewe n'ibitekerezo birambuye by'itsinda rikora n'icyifuzo cyo gushyiraho verisiyo ikomeye ijyanye nayo, igihe cyo gutegura amahame ngenderwaho ya ISO 15118 cyari kirekire cyane, bituma batinda gusohora ku mugaragaro.

Ariko isoko ntirigishobora gutegereza. Cyane cyane abakora imodoka bo mu Budage bizeye ko imodoka zabo zikoresha amashanyarazi zishobora gusharija imodoka ku isi vuba bishoboka kandi zikabona inyungu ku isoko. Bityo, abafatanyabikorwa mu nganda mu Budage bahuje imbaraga, maze, mu rwego rwa DIN, bakuramo bimwe mu bikubiye mu bipimo byavuzwe muri ISO 15118 kugira ngo bategure amahame ngenderwaho y’igihugu cy’Ubudage ashobora guhita ashyirwa mu bikorwa. Mu 2012, DIN SPEC 70121 yasohotse; Yavuguruwe mu 2014; Amabwiriza ngenderwaho y’ibizamini DIN SPEC 70122:2018 yasohotse mu 2018.

Igipimo cya ISO 15118 cyaje gutinda maze gishyirwa ahagaragara ku mugaragaro mu nshuro yacyo ya mbere mu 2013; Mu 2014 na 2018, amahame yihariye yo gukoresha n'amahame yo gupima byashyizwe ahagaragara bikurikiranye. ISO 15118 ni urukurikirane runini rw'amahame arimo gutera imbere vuba. Hari amahame atanu ajyanye no gushyushya amashanyarazi mu gisekuru cya mbere:

DIN SPEC 70121: 2014 ishobora gufatwa nk'uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha ISO 15118-2/3 yavuzwe haruguru. DIN SPEC 70121 ishyigikira gusa gusharija DC, mu gihe amahame ya ISO 15118-1 kugeza kuri 5 ashobora gushyigikira gusharija AC na DC, ndetse no gufunga no gukina TLS (TLS encryption, plug and play (PNC), ndetse no gusharija mu buryo bw'ubwenge.

Mu 2022, uruhererekane rwa ISO 15118 rwasohoye ibipimo bya kabiri byo gusharija, ari byo ISO 15118-20:2022 nk'uko byavuzwe mbere. Ugereranyije na ISO 15118-2, inashyigikira uburyo bwo gufunga TLS1.3, V2G (yohereza ingufu z'amashanyarazi kuri grid), WPT (gusharija nta mugozi), na ACD (igikoresho cyo guhuza kizikora) ku buryo bw'umwimerere.

Komisiyo y'Uburayi ifite ibyo itekereza kuri politiki y'inganda. Amabwiriza 2014/94/EU yerekeye ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ibikorwa remezo bya lisansi yasohotse bwa mbere mu 2014, ubwo yari ataraba itegeko, ahubwo yari amabwiriza. Amabwiriza atandukanye n'amabwiriza asabwa, kuko agaragaza gusa ibyavuye mu bikorwa bigomba kugerwaho, ariko ntagaragaza ibisabwa mu mibare.

Komisiyo y’Uburayi yemera ko ari ngombwa kwihutisha iyubakwa ry’ibikorwa remezo bishya by’ingufu, bitabaye ibyo ntibizagorana kugera ku ntego yo kugabanya karuboni mu 2050 gusa, ahubwo bizanagabanuka mu irushanwa hagati y’inganda zikora imodoka n’izikora ingufu zikwirakwizwa. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, EU yavuguruye amabwiriza ya 2014/94/EU ku itegeko (EU) 2023/1804 mu 2023, hamwe n’intego zisobanutse neza.

Ibisabwa na ISO 15118-20 bigaragaza neza icyifuzo cy’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi cyo kwihutisha ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya sitasiyo zo gushyushya no kohereza imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu muyoboro w’amashanyarazi, aho iyi miyoboro ihujwe cyane n’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi. Mu guhuza umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi unyuze mu miyoboro yo gushyushya, imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ntizikora nk’imodoka gusa, ahubwo zikora nk’ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu mu buryo bw’amashanyarazi, kandi zikaba ari bimwe mu bigize umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi ukoresha ikoranabuhanga.

Nyuma y’uko ayo mategeko asohotse, ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’Uburayi byatangiye kwitabira ibikorwa byabyo. Mu Gushyingo 2025, Ubufaransa bwatangaje ko buzatanga inkunga ku bidukikije mu kugura imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ku giti cyazo; Mu Gushyingo 2025, Ubudage bwasohoye gahunda ndangamurage yo kwishyuza ibikorwa remezo bitarenze 2030, ijyanye neza n’amabwiriza y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi (AFIR) 2023/1804.

Nk'ikigo gikomeye ku isi gishinzwe ibizamini no gutanga icyemezo, T Ü VS Ü D, imaze imyaka 160 ikora ikoranabuhanga n'inyungu z'umwuga, ishobora gutanga ubufasha bwuzuye ku bijyanye no kubahiriza amategeko ku bigo bitanga ubwishingizi bw'ibicuruzwa. T Ü VS Ü D izakomeza gukoresha inyungu zayo mu ikoranabuhanga, umutungo, n'imiyoboro mpuzamahanga kugira ngo ihurize hamwe inyungu ku isi mu guhindura ubwikorezi no guteza imbere ingufu mu buryo burambye.