Ngā paerewa raupapa ISO 15118: "ngā pātai whakahau" mō ngā teihana utu ka tukuna ki te Kotahitanga o Ūropi

I roto i te umanga pou utu i Haina, he maha ngā wā ka aro nui ngā kaihanga ki ngā tohu matua pēnei i te utu, te hoahoa āhua, te haumaru hanganga (te tawhiti ahi/IP/haumaru), ngā tawhā mahi (te tika o te iahiko me te ngaohiko), te hototahitanga (te hototahitanga ki ngā kaihanga waka nui), me ngā mahi tiaki (te aukati ohorere/te aukati hapa), engari kāore i te nui te aro ki te ōritetanga o ngā kawa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā waka me ngā pou. I muri i te rangahau, ko ngā paerewa GB 39752 me GB 44263 mō te tiwhikete CCC i Haina, e tohutoro ana ki te GB/T 27930 "Kawa Whakawhitiwhiti Mamati i waenga i ngā Kaitautoko Aroturuki me ngā Waka Hiko" me te GB/T 34658 "Te Whakamātautau ōritetanga o te Kawa Whakawhitiwhiti i waenga i ngā Kaitautoko Aroturuki me ngā Pūnaha Whakahaere Pūhiko mō ngā Waka Hiko", ehara i te mea he whakaritenga whakahau.

Heoi, ina tahuri ngā kamupene ki te mākete o te EU, ka noho te ōritetanga o ngā kawa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero hei paepae tutuki i ngā whakaritenga – kua noho ngā paerewa raupapa ISO 15118 hei "uruwhenua" mō ngā teihana utu hiko kia horapa puta noa i te ao, me te mana whakahau o ngā ture a te EU.

Kua tohua kētia e te ture teihana utu hiko a Ūropi, IEC 61851-24:2014/2023, Apitihanga C, me tutuki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero taumata-teitei o ngā teihana utu hiko DC i ngā whakaritenga o te DIN SPEC 70121:2014, ISO 15118-2:2014 rānei (ka taea te tautoko i tētahi, i ngā mea e rua rānei i te wā kotahi).

Kua ara ake ngā wero mō ētahi umanga puranga utu ā-whare mō tēnei whakaritenga.

Ahakoa he hoko, he whakawhanake rānei i ngā kōwae SECC i roto i te whare, ko te taahiraa tuatahi noa iho tēnei. Whai muri i te tāutanga o te kōwae SECC ki roto i te teihana utu, me whakaatu tonu kei te tutuki te kōwae i ngā whakaritenga o te DIN SPEC 70121:2014, ISO 15118-2:2014 rānei o te paerewa Pākehā ina honoa ki te teihana katoa.

Hei penapena utu, he maha ngā kamupene puranga e tautoko ana i te DIN SPEC 70121 anake, nā te mea ka whakaitihia te utu o te tuku SECC ki waho, ā, ka māmā ake te whakamātautau.

Heoi, kāore e ranea ana te tautoko anake i te DIN 70121 hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga hou a te Kotahitanga o Ūropi.

I tukuna e te Kotahitanga o Ūropi te COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) 2025/656 i te marama o Hune 2025. He tāpiritanga, he whakahoutanga hoki tēnei ture ki te Ture (EU) 2023/1804 e pā ana ki te utu ahokore, ngā pūnaha rori hiko, me te tuku hauwai mō ngā waka kawe rori. Ko te TURE (EU) 2023/1804, i tukuna i te tau 2023, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR). He ture kaupapa here matua tēnei i whakaurua e te EU hei whakateretere i te whakawhiti ki te kawe kore tukunga me te aro atu ki te korenga o ngā hanganga wahie rerekē (hiko, hauwai, me ētahi atu). Ko tōna kaupapa he akiaki i ngā whenua mema ki te whakapai ake i ā rātou whatunga hanganga pēnei i te utu me te whakakī hinu mā te ture, te whakakore i te manukanuka o ngā kaiwhakamahi mō te tawhiti me te whakakī pūngao, me te tautoko i te rongonuitanga nui o ngā waka hiko (EV), ngā waka pūtau wahie hauwai (FCEV), me ngā taraka hiko taumaha.

Ki te kī ngāwari, kua tukuna e te EU tētahi putanga kua whakahoutia o te Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR), he mana ture katoa tōna, ā, he whakaritenga ā-ture e pā tika ana ki ngā whenua mema katoa.

Ko ngā whakatikatika nui ko:

• (1) Whai muri i te 8 o Hānuere, 2026, me tutuki i ngā teihana utu hiko katoa e wātea ana ki te marea, ā, kua tāutahia, kua whakahoutia rānei, tae atu ki ngā pou hiko AC me DC, ngā whakaritenga o te EN ISO 15118-2:2016 i te iti rawa.
• (2) Whai muri i te 1 o Hānuere, 2027, me tutuki ngā teihana utu katoa e wātea ana ki te marea, ā, kua tāutahia, kua whakahoutia rānei, tae atu ki ngā pou AC me DC, i ngā whakaritenga o te EN ISO 15118-20:2022. Mena ka whakaratohia e te teihana utu ngā ratonga manatoko me te whakamanatanga aunoa, pērā i te mahi PNC (Plug and Play), me tutuki i a ia ngā whakaritenga e rua: EN ISO 15118-2:2016 me te paerewa EN ISO 15118-20:2022.

I muri i te 1 o Hānuere, 2027, me tutuki ngā teihana utu katoa kua tāutahia, kua whakahoutia rānei ki ngā pūwāhi utu tūmataiti i ngā whakaritenga EN IEC 61851-1:2019 mō ngā pūwāhi utu aratau 2 AC, me te EN ISO 15118-20:2022 mō ngā pūwāhi utu aratau 3 AC me ngā pūwāhi utu aratau 4 DC.

Hei whakarāpopototanga, me tutuki ngā pou hiko DC tūmatanui katoa kua tāutahia, kua whakahoutia rānei i muri i te tau 2026 i ngā whakaritenga o te EN ISO 15118-2:2016, ā, me tutuki hoki ngā pou hiko DC me ngā pou AC Aratau 3 katoa kua tāutahia, kua whakahoutia rānei i muri i te tau 2027 i te EN ISO 15118-20:2022.

I roto i te whānau teihana utu, ko te aratau 2 IC-CPD anake kāore i roto i te whānuitanga o te ture. I Haina, ko tēnei momo teihana utu kawe ka kiia ko te utu on-board, ā, i Ūropi, ko te mana kāore e neke ake i te 3.7 kW. Ko te whakamārama i homai i roto i te Ture (EU) 2025/656 ko ngā teihana AC aratau 2 e whakamahi ana i te PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) he rawaka, e tautoko ana i te ISO 15118-2, 20 rānei, ā, e kore e hua mai he uara tāpiri ki te kaiwhakamahi mutunga.

Mō ngā kamupene poupou ā-rohe, tērā pea ka hangaia he arai hangarau nui e tēnei ture hou. Me tutuki noa te DIN 70121, te whakaritenga ā-ture mō te tautoko i te ISO 15118; Tautoko i te ISO 15118-2 me te ISO 15118-20. Ko ētahi kamupene poupou e hiahia ana ki te ao whānui kāore i te mōhio ki ēnei paerewa, ā, me mārama ki ngā rerekētanga i waenga i te DIN SPEC 70121, ISO 15118-2, me te ISO 15118-20, me te kaupapa o te tautoko i a rātou. He aha i maha ai ngā paerewa mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā motuka me ngā poupou i Ūropi?

Ka tīmata tēnei me te tuku iho o ngā mea o mua. I te tīmatanga o te tau 2010, ka tīmata te Rōpū Mahi Tahi o te Komiti Hangarau IEC 69 ​​(TC69) me te Komiti Hangarau ISO 22 (TC22) ki te mahi tahi ki te whakawhanake i te raupapa paerewa ISO 15118, ko te whāinga he aro ki te take o te paerewa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā waka hiko me ngā teihana utu. Nā ngā whakaaro whānui o te rōpū mahi me te hiahia ki te waihanga i tētahi putanga matua hototahi, he roa rawa te wā whakarite mō ngā paerewa raupapa ISO 15118, ā, i roa ai te tukunga mana.

Engari kāore e taea e te mākete te tatari roa atu. Ko te tumanako nui a ngā kaihanga waka Tiamana ka taea e ā rātou waka hiko te whakatutuki i te utunga whānui i te wā e taea ai, ā, ka whiwhi hoki i ngā painga mākete. Nō reira, i mahi tahi ngā kaipupuri pānga ahumahi i Tiamana, ā, i roto i te anga o te DIN, i tangohia ētahi o ngā ihirangi kua pakeke ake i kōrerotia i roto i te ISO 15118 hei whakawhanake i tētahi paerewa ā-motu Tiamana ka taea te whakatinana tonu. I te tau 2012, i tukuna te DIN SPEC 70121; i whakahoutia i te tau 2014; i tukuna te paerewa whakatakotoranga whakamātautau DIN SPEC 70122:2018 i te tau 2018.

I tae mai te paerewa ISO 15118 i muri tata mai, ā, i tukuna mana i tōna putanga tuatahi i te tau 2013; I te tau 2014 me te tau 2018, i tukuna ā-tau ngā paerewa paparanga tono motuhake me ngā paerewa whakamātautau. He raupapa nui o ngā paerewa te ISO 15118 e tere haere ana te whanaketanga. E rima ngā paerewa e pā ana ki te utu hiko i te whakatupuranga tuatahi:

Ka taea te kī ko te DIN SPEC 70121:2014 he putanga māmā ake o te ISO 15118-2/3 kua whakahuatia i runga ake nei. Ko te DIN SPEC 70121 anake e tautoko ana i te utunga DC, ko ngā paerewa ISO 15118-1 ki te 5 ka taea te tautoko i te utunga AC me te DC, tae atu ki te whakamunatanga TLS, te mahi mono me te purei (PNC), me te utunga atamai.

I te tau 2022, i tukuna e te raupapa ISO 15118 te reanga tuarua o ngā paerewa utu, arā, ko te ISO 15118-20:2022 e ai ki te kōrero i mua ake nei. Ki te whakatauritea ki te ISO 15118-2, ka tautokohia hoki e ia ngā mahi whakamunatanga TLS1.3, V2G (te tuku hiko ki te whatunga), WPT (te utu ahokore), me te ACD (pūrere hononga aunoa) i runga i te pūtake taketake.

He whakaaro nui tā te Komihana o Ūropi mō ngā kaupapa here ahumahi. I tukuna tuatahitia te Ture Whakatakotoranga 2014/94/EU mō te whakatinanatanga o ngā hanganga wahie rerekē i te tau 2014, i te wā kāore anō kia waiho hei ture, engari he ture. He rerekē te Ture Whakatakotoranga i ngā whakaritenga ā-ture o ngā ture, nā te mea ka tohua noa ngā hua e tika ana kia tutuki, engari kāore e tohua ngā whakaritenga tauanga.

E whakaae ana te Komihana o Ūropi ki te hiahia kia tere ake te hanganga o ngā hanganga pūngao hou, ki te kore, ehara i te mea he uaua noa te whakatutuki i te whāinga whakaiti waro 2050, engari ka hinga hoki ki muri i te whakataetae i waenga i ngā ahumahi motuka me ngā ahumahi pūngao tohatoha. Hei huri i te āhuatanga, i whakahoutia e te EU te ture 2014/94/EU ki te Ture (EU) 2023/1804 i te tau 2023, me ngā whāinga tauanga mārama.

E whakaatu mārama ana ngā whakaritenga o te ISO 15118-20 i te hiahia o te EU ki te whakateretere i te whakatinanatanga o ngā teihana utu me te tuku waka hiko ki te whatunga hiko, me te whakauru hohonu o te whatunga hiko ki te whatunga hiko. Mā te hono atu ki te whatunga hiko mā roto i ngā teihana utu, ehara i te mea he waka anake ngā waka hiko, engari he wae rokiroki hiko tohatoha hoki i roto i te pūnaha hiko, ā, he wāhanga hoki o te whatunga atamai.

Whai muri i te tukunga o ngā ture, kua tīmata ngā whenua mema o Ūropi ki te urupare kaha. I te Whiringa-ā-rangi 2025 i panuitia e Wīwī ka whakaratohia he tautoko taiao mō te hoko waka hiko tūmataiti; I te Whiringa-ā-rangi 2025, i tukuna e Tiamana he mahere matua mō ngā hanganga utu i te tau 2030, e hangai katoa ana ki te Ture o te Kotahitanga o Ūropi (AFIR) 2023/1804.

Hei whakahaere whakamātautau me te tiwhikete tuatoru e ārahi ana i te ao, ka taea e T Ü VS Ü D, me te 160 tau o te kohikohi hangarau me ngā painga ngaio, te whakarato i te tautoko tutuki i te huringa ora katoa mō ngā umanga pou utu. Ka haere tonu a T Ü VS Ü D ki te whakamahi i ōna painga hangarau, rauemi, me te whatunga ao hei whakatairanga tahi i te huringa waro kore o te ao o te kawe waka me te whanaketanga pūngao pumau.