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Imigangatho yochungechunge lwe-ISO 15118: "imibuzo enyanzelekileyo" kwizikhululo zokutshaja ezithunyelwa kwiManyano yaseYurophu

Kwishishini lokutshaja iipali eTshayina, abavelisi badla ngokugxila kwizalathisi eziphambili ezifana neendleko, uyilo lwembonakalo, ukhuseleko lwesakhiwo (umlilo/IP/umgama wokhuseleko), iiparameter zokusebenza (ukuchaneka kombane kunye nevolthi), ukuhambelana (ukuhambelana nabavelisi bezithuthi eziphambili), kunye nemisebenzi yokukhusela (ukuma okungxamisekileyo/ukuma kwempazamo), kodwa ngokubanzi akukho ngqwalasela yaneleyo ekuhambelaneni kweenkqubo zonxibelelwano phakathi kwezithuthi kunye neepali. Xa kuphandwa, imigangatho ye-GB 39752 kunye ne-GB 44263 yesatifikethi se-CCC eTshayina, ebhekisa kwi-GB/T 27930 “I-Digital Communication Protocol phakathi kwee-Off board Conductive Chargers kunye neeMoto zoMbane” kunye ne-GB/T 34658 “Uvavanyo lokuHlangana kwe-Comsistency Protocol yoNxibelelwano phakathi kwee-Off board Conductive Chargers kunye neeNkqubo zoLawulo lweBhetri kwiiMoto zoMbane”, ayizomfuneko ezinyanzelekileyo.

https://www.midapower.com/floor-standing-charging-station/

Nangona kunjalo, xa iinkampani zijika ingqalelo yazo kwimarike ye-EU, ukuhambelana kweprotocol yonxibelelwano kuba ngumda wokuthobela umthetho ongenakoyiswa - imigangatho yochungechunge lwe-ISO 15118 iye yaba "yipasipoti" yezikhululo zokutshaja ukuze zifikelele kwihlabathi liphela ngesiphumo esinyanzelekileyo semithetho ye-EU.

Imigaqo ye-EU ifuna ukuthotyelwa ngokunyanzelekileyo kwemigaqo yonxibelelwano njengemfuneko yokufikelela kwihlabathi liphela

Umgaqo wesikhululo sokutshaja saseYurophu i-IEC 61851-24:2014/2023 Isihlomelo C sele sichazile ukuba unxibelelwano oluphezulu lwezikhululo zokutshaja ze-DC kufuneka luhambelane neemfuno ze-DIN SPEC 70121:2014 okanye i-ISO 15118-2:2014 (nokuba yeyiphi okanye zombini zinokuxhaswa ngaxeshanye).

Le mfuneko izise imingeni kwamanye amashishini asekhaya afaka iipali zokutshaja.

01
Umahluko kwiindawo ezibonakalayo.Umgangatho waseYurophu usebenzisa ujongano lweCCS2 (Combined Charging System 2), kwaye icala lesokhethi yokufaka imoto labelana ngojongano olunye lweAC kunye neDC; Umgangatho wesizwe usebenzisa ujongano lweSystem B kwaye wahlula iAC kunye neDC. Lo mahluko ungasonjululwa ngokulandela ngokungqongqo umgangatho we-IEC 62196 (ochaza ubungakanani bomzimba kunye neemfuno zokusebenza), ngobunzima obuphantsi bobuchwephesha.
02
Umahluko kwiindlela zonxibelelwano.Olu luthintelo oluphambili lobuchwepheshe. Intloko yesibhamu kumgangatho wesizwe inemigca yesignali ye-CAN+ kunye ne-CAN eyahlukileyo, kwaye indlela yokunxibelelana phakathi kwesithuthi kunye nenqwaba lunxibelelwano lwe-CAN; Intloko yesibhamu eqhelekileyo yaseYurophu ayinayo umgca we-CAN kwaye isebenzisa i-PLC (Power Line Communication) ukudibanisa imiqondiso ye-high-frequency kwisignali ye-12V, 1kHz PWM low-frequency pulse width modulation phakathi komgca we-CP kunye nomgca we-PE. Xa kuthelekiswa nonxibelelwano lwe-CAN, ubunzima bophuhliso lweprotocol yonxibelelwano lwe-PLC buphezulu, kwaye izixhobo ezivulekileyo azifumaneki kwimarike. Ke ngoko, iinkampani ezininzi zenqwaba zithenga iimodyuli ezahlukeneyo ze-SECC (Supply Equipment Communication Controller) ngaphandle, zipakisha ulwazi lwazo lokutshaja ngemiqondiso ye-CAN kwaye ziyithumele kwimodyuli ye-SECC, ethi emva koko inxibelelane nemodyuli ye-EVCC (EV Communication Controller) yesithuthi.

Kodwa nokuba kukuthenga okanye ukuphuhlisa iimodyuli ze-SECC ngaphakathi, linyathelo lokuqala nje. Emva kokufaka imodyuli ye-SECC kwisikhululo sokutshaja, kusafuneka ubungqina bokuba imodyuli iyahlangabezana neemfuno ze-DIN SPEC 70121:2014 okanye i-ISO 15118-2:2014 yomgangatho waseYurophu xa idityaniswe nesikhululo sonke.

Ukuze kongiwe iindleko, iinkampani ezininzi zeepali zikhetha ukuxhasa i-DIN SPEC 70121 kuphela, njengoko oku kunciphisa iindleko zokuthumela ngaphandle i-SECC kwaye kwenza uvavanyo lube lula.

Umahluko ophambili phakathi kothotho lwe-DIN 70121 kunye ne-ISO 15118

Nangona kunjalo, ukuxhasa i-DIN 70121 kuphela okungasanelanga ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamva nje zeManyano yaseYurophu.

I-European Union ikhuphe uMthetho-siseko oThunyelwe kwiKhomishini (i-EU) ka-2025/656 ngoJuni ka-2025. Lo mthetho uyisihlomelo kunye nohlaziyo kuMthetho-siseko (i-EU) ka-2023/1804 malunga nokutshaja ngaphandle kweengcingo, iinkqubo zombane zendlela, kunye nobonelelo lwe-hydrogen kwizithuthi zothutho lwendlela. UMTHETHO-siseko (i-EU) ka-2023/1804, okhutshwe ngo-2023, waziwa kakhulu ngokuba yi-Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR). Ngumgaqo-nkqubo ophambili owaziswa yi-EU ukukhawulezisa utshintsho oluya ekuthuthweni okungekho ngxolo kwaye kujongwane nokunqongophala kweziseko zophuhliso zamafutha (umbane, i-hydrogen, njl.njl.). Injongo yawo kukunyanzela amazwe angamalungu ukuba aphucule uthungelwano lwawo lweziseko zophuhliso ezifana nokutshaja nokugcwalisa ipetroli ngomthetho, ukususa ixhala labasebenzisi malunga nobubanzi kunye nokuzaliswa kwamandla, kunye nokuxhasa ukuthandwa okukhulu kwezithuthi zombane (ii-EV), izithuthi ze-hydrogen fuel cell (ii-FCEV), kunye neelori zombane ezinzima.

Ngamafutshane, i-EU ikhuphe inguqulelo ehlaziyiweyo yoMgaqo weZiseko zoPhuhliso lweFuel eziNgezinye (i-AFIR), enempembelelo epheleleyo kwezomthetho kwaye iyimfuneko enyanzelekileyo esebenza ngokuthe ngqo kuwo onke amazwe angamalungu.

Uhlaziyo olubalulekileyo luquka:

  • (1) Emva komhla wesi-8 kweyoMqungu 2026, zonke izikhululo zokutshaja ezifikelelekayo kuluntu nezisandula ukufakwa okanye ukuhlaziywa, kuquka ii-AC kunye nee-DC piles, kufuneka zithobele iimfuno ze-EN ISO 15118-2:2016 ubuncinane.
  • (2) Emva komhla woku-1 kuJanuwari 2027, zonke izikhululo zokutshaja ezifikeleleka kuluntu nezisandula ukufakwa okanye ukuhlaziywa, kuquka ii-AC kunye nee-DC piles, kufuneka zithobele iimfuno ze-EN ISO 15118-20:2022 ubuncinane. Ukuba isikhululo sokutshaja sinika iinkonzo zokuqinisekisa ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokugunyazisa, ezifana nomsebenzi we-PNC (Plug and Play), kufuneka sithobele zombini i-EN ISO 15118-2:2016 kunye ne-EN ISO 15118-20:2022 esemgangathweni.

Emva komhla woku-1 kweyoMqungu ngo-2027, zonke izikhululo zokutshaja ezifakelweyo okanye ezihlaziyiweyo kwiindawo zokutshaja zabucala kufuneka zithobele i-EN IEC 61851-1:2019 kwiindawo zokutshaja ze-mode 2 AC, kunye ne-EN ISO 15118-20:2022 kwiindawo zokutshaja ze-mode 3 AC kunye neendawo zokutshaja ze-mode 4 DC.

Ngamafutshane, zonke iipile zeDC zikawonke-wonke ezisandula ukufakwa okanye ezihlaziyiweyo emva kowama-2026 kufuneka zihambelane neemfuno ze-EN ISO 15118-2:2016, kwaye zonke iipile zeDC ezisandula ukufakwa okanye ezihlaziyiweyo kunye neepile zeMode 3 AC emva kowama-2027 nazo mazihambelane ne-EN ISO 15118-20:2022.

Kusapho lwezikhululo zokutshaja, yimode 2 IC-CPD kuphela engekho phantsi komyalelo. ETshayina, olu hlobo lwezikhululo zokutshaja eziphathwayo lubizwa ngokuba yi-on-board charging, kwaye eYurophu, amandla adla ngokungadluli kwi-3.7 kW. Ingcaciso enikwe kwiRegulation (EU) 2025/656 kukuba izikhululo ze-AC zemode 2 ezisebenzisa i-PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) zanele, zixhasa i-ISO 15118-2 okanye i-20, kwaye aziyi kuzisa naliphi na ixabiso elongezelelweyo kumsebenzisi wokugqibela.

Kwiinkampani zemiqolo zasekhaya, lo mthetho mtsha usenokudala imiqobo ebalulekileyo kwezobuchwepheshe. Kufuneka nje ukuhlangabezana ne-DIN 70121, imfuneko enyanzelekileyo kungekudala yokuxhasa i-ISO 15118; Xhasa zombini i-ISO 15118-2 kunye ne-ISO 15118-20. Ezinye iinkampani zemiqolo ezifuna ukufikelela kwihlabathi liphela aziqhelananga nale migangatho kwaye kufuneka ziqonde umahluko phakathi kwe-DIN SPEC 70121, i-ISO 15118-2, kunye ne-ISO 15118-20, kunye nenjongo yokuxhasa. Kutheni kukho imigangatho emininzi kangaka yonxibelelwano phakathi kweemoto kunye nemiqolo eYurophu?

https://www.midapower.com/floor-standing-charging-station/

Utshintsho lwemigangatho yochungechunge lwe-ISO 15118: ukusuka kwizisombululo eziguqukayo ukuya kwimilinganiselo yehlabathi

Oku kuqala ngelifa lembali. Ekuqaleni kowama-2010, iQela eliSebenzayo eliHlangeneyo leKomiti yoBugcisa ye-IEC 69 ​​(TC69) kunye neKomiti yoBugcisa ye-ISO 22 (TC22) baqala ukusebenzisana ukuphuhlisa uthotho lwemigangatho ye-ISO 15118, bejolise ekusombululeni umba wokubekwa kwemigangatho yonxibelelwano phakathi kwezithuthi zombane kunye nezikhululo zokutshaja. Ngenxa yengqwalasela epheleleyo yeqela elisebenzayo kunye nomnqweno wokudala inguqulelo enkulu ehambelanayo, ixesha lokulungiselela imigangatho yothotho lwe-ISO 15118 lalide kakhulu, nto leyo eyabangela ukulibaziseka ekukhutshweni kwayo ngokusemthethweni.

Kodwa imakethi ayisakwazi kulinda. Ingakumbi abavelisi beemoto baseJamani banethemba lokuba izithuthi zabo zombane zinokutshaja yonke indawo ngokukhawuleza kwaye zifumane iingenelo zemakethi. Ngoko ke abachaphazelekayo kushishino eJamani badibanise amandla kwaye, ngaphakathi kwesakhelo se-DIN, bakhupha ezinye zezinto ezivuthiweyo ezixutyushwe kwi-ISO 15118 ukuze baphuhlise umgangatho wesizwe waseJamani onokusetyenziswa ngoko nangoko. Ngo-2012, i-DIN SPEC 70121 yakhutshwa; Yahlaziywa ngo-2014; Umgangatho weenkcukacha zovavanyo i-DIN SPEC 70122:2018 wakhutshwa ngo-2018.

Umgangatho we-ISO 15118 ufike emva kwexesha kwaye wakhutshwa ngokusesikweni kuhlelo lwawo lokuqala ngo-2013; Ngo-2014 nango-2018, imigangatho ethile yomaleko wokusetyenziswa kunye nemigangatho yovavanyo yakhutshwa ngokulandelelana. I-ISO 15118 luluhlu olukhulu lwemigangatho ephuhla ngokukhawuleza. Kukho imigangatho emihlanu enxulumene nokutshaja kokuqhuba kwisizukulwana sokuqala:

1. I-ISO 15118-1 (Iimfuno eziBanzi kunye neeNkcazelo zeTyala loSetyenziso)

2. I-ISO 15118-2 (Iimfuno zeProtokholi yoLuhlu lweSicelo)

3. ISO 15118-3 (Iimfuno zeLayer Physical kunye neLayer Data Link)

4. I-ISO 15118-4 (Iinkcukacha zoVavanyo lweeLeya zeSicelo)

5. ISO 15118-5 (Iinkcukacha zoVavanyo lweMaleko ePhysical)

I-DIN SPEC 70121:2014 inokubonwa njengenguqulelo elula ye-ISO 15118-2/3 ekhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla. I-DIN SPEC 70121 ixhasa kuphela ukutshaja kwe-DC, ngelixa imigangatho ye-ISO 15118-1 ukuya kwi-5 inokuxhasa ukutshaja kwe-AC kunye ne-DC, kunye nokusebenza kwe-TLS encryption, i-plug and play (PNC), kunye nokutshaja okukrelekrele.

Ngowama-2022, uthotho lwe-ISO 15118 lukhuphe isizukulwana sesibini semigangatho yokutshaja, oko kukuthi i-ISO 15118-20:2022 njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-ISO 15118-2, ikwaxhasa imisebenzi ye-TLS1.3 encryption, i-V2G (ukuhambisa amandla ombane kwigridi), i-WPT (ukutshaja ngaphandle kwentambo), kunye nemisebenzi ye-ACD (isixhobo soqhagamshelo oluzenzekelayo) ngokwesiseko sokuqala.

Ingqiqo enzulu emva kokukhuthazwa okunyanzelekileyo kwemigangatho yochungechunge lwe-ISO 15118 yiManyano yaseYurophu

IKhomishini yaseYurophu ineembono malunga nomgaqo-nkqubo wezoshishino. Umyalelo ka-2014/94/EU wokusetyenziswa kweziseko zophuhliso zepetroli ezizezinye wakhutshwa okokuqala ngo-2014, xa wawungekabi ngummiselo, kodwa wawungumyalelo. Umyalelo wahlukile kwiimfuno ezinyanzelekileyo zemigaqo, njengoko uchaza kuphela iziphumo ekufuneka zifezekiswe, kodwa awuchazi iimfuno zobungakanani.

IKhomishini yaseYurophu iyayiqonda imfuneko yokukhawulezisa ukwakhiwa kweziseko ezintsha zamandla, kungenjalo akuyi kuba nzima nje kuphela ukufezekisa usukelo lokunciphisa ikhabhoni ngo-2050, kodwa kuya kuba semva kukhuphiswano phakathi kwamashishini eemoto kunye namashishini asasazwayo. Ukuze kuguqulwe imeko, i-EU iphucule umyalelo ka-2014/94/EU ukuya kwiRegulation (EU) 2023/1804 ngo-2023, kunye neenjongo ezicacileyo zobungakanani.

Iimfuno ze-ISO 15118-20 zibonisa ngokucacileyo umnqweno we-EU wokukhawulezisa ukuphunyezwa kwezikhululo zokutshaja kunye nokuthunyelwa kwezithuthi zombane kwigridi yombane, kwaye le yokugqibela idityaniswe nzulu negridi. Ngokuqhagamshela kwigridi yombane ngokusebenzisa izikhululo zokutshaja, izithuthi zombane azisebenzi nje kuphela njengezithuthi, kodwa zikwasebenza njengeeyunithi zokugcina amandla ezisasazwe kwinkqubo yombane, kwaye ziyinxalenye yegridi ekrelekrele.

Imingeni yokuthobela imithetho kunye namaqhinga okuphendula kwiinkampani zaseTshayina ezithengisa izinto ezininzi eziya kwihlabathi liphela

Emva kokuba ikhutshwe le mithetho, amazwe angamalungu aseYurophu aqalise ukuphendula ngenkuthalo. IFrance yabhengeza ngoNovemba ka-2025 ukuba iza kubonelela ngenkxaso-mali ye-ecological yokuthenga izithuthi zombane zabucala; ngoNovemba ka-2025, iJamani yakhupha isicwangciso esiphambili sokutshaja iziseko zophuhliso ngo-2030, esihambelana ngokupheleleyo noMgaqo we-European Union (AFIR) ka-2023/1804.

Njengombutho okhokelayo kwihlabathi liphela wovavanyo kunye nesatifikethi, i-T Ü VS Ü D, eneminyaka eli-160 yokuqokelela ubuchwepheshe kunye neenzuzo zobungcali, inokubonelela ngenkxaso epheleleyo yokuthobela umjikelo wobomi kwiinkampani zokutshaja iimfumba. I-T Ü VS Ü D iya kuqhubeka nokusebenzisa iingenelo zayo zobuchwepheshe, izixhobo, kunye nenethiwekhi yehlabathi ukukhuthaza ngokudibeneyo utshintsho lwehlabathi olungenakhabhoni kwezothutho kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo lwamandla.

Ixesha leposi: Sep-21-2026

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